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Industrial revolution in Europe
Increased urbanization, resource usage and pollution -
Industrial individuals such as Thoreau and Muir write books on conservation
First conservation groups from and nature reserves established. NGOs form (NSPB, NT) -
Period: to
DDT
When DDT(Dicholoro Diphenyl Tricholoro-ethane) started and when it was banned.
Exposure to DDT/DDE causes lymphoma, leukemia, and pancreatic cancer. -
The passenger pigeon becomes extinct
Conservation movement grows. Concern for tigers, rhinoceros, etc. -
Period: to
Dustbowl in North America
Recognition that agricultural practices may affect soils and climate -
Green revolution–intensive technological agriculture
Resource use(especially fossil fuel use)and pollution increased. Human population rises sharply. -
Leopold writes 'A Sand Country Almanac'
Concept of 'stewardship' is applied to nature -
UK's ten National Parks are established
Recognition of need to conserve natural areas. -
Great London Smog
Sulfur dioxide chemical was released into the air from power stations -
Minamata
A chemical company released toxic methyl mercury into waste water in Minamata, japan.
Many people developed illnesses because of the pollution and shellfish and fish were contaminated.
This raised awareness for the industrial threats. -
Period: to
NGOs gain greater following
Public awareness grows. WWFN, Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth all formed -
Rachel Carson's Silent spring
An environmental science book
iI documented the adverse effects on the environment of the indiscriminate use of pesticides.
Raised awareness of DDT, bioaccumulation and biomagnification -
EIA - Environmental impact assessment
EIA, environmental impact assessment created in 1969 created by National Environmental Policy Act. NEPA is now a law in the US and many other countries. Environmental assessments are made to know if there is a need to have an EIA.
Used to assess if it is okay to build in that environment and the possible outcomes of certain times of developments.
the three main expectations are
-Identifying the impacts
-Predicting the scale of potential impacts
-Limiting the effect of impacts to accept limits -
First Earth Summit - UN Conference on the Human Environment
Declaration of UN conference. Action Plan for the Human environment. Environment Fund established. Formation of UN Environment Programmer (UNEP). Earth Summits planned ten-year intervals. -
C.I.T.I.E.S. formed by IUCN
Endangered species protected from international trade. -
Chernobyl Catastrophe
The Chernobyl Catastrophe was a nuclear accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant on the 26th April 1986. -
Montreal protocal
Reduce ozone depleting substance, most important one CFC -
Mercury
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Kyoto protocol
State parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) it is extremely likely that human-made CO2 emissions have predominantly caused it. -
Gothenburg protocol
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UN report
More info on Mercury -
Millennium development goals
freedom from want, freedom from fear, freedom to live with dignity. -
Legally enforcing document
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Minamata convention born
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COP2(78)
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Sustainable development goal
target year
