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The 13 colonies of Great Britain in North America declared their independence. This established the United States as it's own independent nation.
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After almost a year after the redrafting of the constitution, it was ratified by 9 states. The reason that it took so long was due to the difficulty of getting word out to the entire nation in that time period and issues getting the majority to agree on one thing.
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John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson in this presidential election. Adams won with 71 electoral votes.
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The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French. This consisted of most of the land in the Mississippi River's drainage basin west of the river.
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In the midst of a war between the US and Great Britain, British troops arrived in Washington and began burning down various federal buildings.
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The Monroe Doctrine was established by the president at the time, James Monroe. It essentially kept the Northern Hemisphere safe from imperialism and kept the US out of European affairs.
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Texas declared its independence in 1836 and became and independent nation until 1845. Texas became the 28th state of the United States.
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The United States declared war on Mexico. This war was the result of the border disputes between the US and Texas.
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The Lincoln-Douglas Debates were a series of debates between the two major candidates for that election cycle. It would later lead to the Lincoln-Douglas high school debate format that is still used today.
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In November of 1860, Lincoln beat Stephen Douglas for president. Lincoln represented the newly created Republican Party.