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In the beginning of the twenthieth century there was a set of teaching practices based on a theory of language and language learning.
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In the first decades of the twentieth century, they centered approaches to determine the vocabulary and grammatical content of a language course, leading to procedures known as selection and gradation.
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Word frequency research began. It is still an active area of language research.
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A systematic approach to selecting grammar for teaching became a priority for applied linguistics.
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The set of the basic grammatical rules and vocabulary of the English Language became important guidelines for the development of language teaching textbooks and materials. The use of a grammatical syllabus can be regarded as the conventional approach to language teaching.
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Harold Palmer summarized principles of language teaching methodology (Initial preparation, habit-forming, accuracy, gradation, proportion, concreteness, interest order of progression, multiple line of approach).