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According to Roman legend rome was founded by twins Romulus and Remus on April 21st 753 BCE. -
Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic after the last king was overthrown. this led to the creation of a government where power was shared between elected officials. -
A series of political struggles between the plebians and patricians. This resulted in the plebians gaining more political rights. this helped shaped Roman governance and law. -
A series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage. These wars were crucial for establishing Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean, eventually leading to the destruction of Carthage. -
Julia Caesar a military leader who had declared himself dictator for life was assassinated by a group of senators on the ides of March. His assassination declared the end of the Roman republic and led to the rise of the roman empire under Augustus. -
A battle between forces of Octavian and those of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra. Octavian's victory led to the sole control over the Roman world. Octavian became the first emperor of rome under the name of Augustus. -
Augustus implemented the first Roman census, which required citizens to register for taxation and military service. this allowed him to create a more efficient tax system, controlled the population and maintain Romes military and government power. -
Augustus became the first emperor of Rome. this led to the era known as Pax Romana (Roman Peace) He has centralized power, reformed the military, and expanded Rome's borders. This marked the beginning of the Roman empire and brought a period of peace and stability. -
Emperor Tiberius was the second emperor of Rome. he died after a reign marked by paranoia and suspicion.his death led to the ascension of Caligula, a notoriously cruel ruler, further contributing to the instability of the imperial succession. -
A massive fire that broke out in Rome that destroyed much of the city, emporeer Nero, who was rumored to have started the fire blamed christians and persecuted them. the fire marked a pivitol moment in Roman history and sparked the widespread persecution of christians. -
Following the death of emperor Nero, the Roman empire experienced a year of civil war in which four emperors gained control. this time highlighted the instability and vulnerability of the imperial succession leading to the rise of Vespasian and flavian dynasty. -
Emperor Titus, the son of Vespasian completed the colosseum, a massive Amphitheater used for gladiatorial games and public spaces. this was a symbol of the grandness of Rome and its emperors, while providing a space for entertainment. -
emperor Trajan led successful campaigns against the Dacians, a group of tribes in modern day Romania, resulting in the conquest of Dacia. The conquest of Dacia expanded the Roman empires borders and brought substantial wealth from gold mines. -
a period of political, military and economic issues caused by frequent changes of emperors, invasions and civil wars. this crisis nearly led to the collapse of the Roman empire. -
Constantine became the first Christian Roman emperor, issuing the edict of Milan in 313 CE. which granted religious tolerance to christians. This marked the beginning of Christianity's rise as the dominant religion in the Roman empire. -
Constantine convened the first council of the Christian church in Nicea to address theological disputes, most notably the Arian controversy. the council played a key role In defining Christianity. -
Upon the death of emperor Theodosious I, the Roman empire was permanently split into two halves, the western Roman empire and the eastern Roman empire. the division further weakened the western Roman empire which would collapse a century later, while the eastern empire would endure another thousand years. -
the Visigoths led by king Alaric I, sacked the city of Rome, marking the first time in over 800 years that the city had fallen to a foreign enter. this symbolized the decline of the western Roman empire. -
The last Roman emperor of the west, Romulus Augustulus. was deposed by the barbarian chieftain odoacer. this event tragically marks the fall of the western Roman empire. -
Following the division of the Roman empire, the eastern Roman empire, known as the Byzantine empire, continued to thrive for another thousand years after the fall of the western. the byzantine empire preserved Roman law, culture, and Christianity which influenced medieval Europe and the eastern Orthodox church.