the island of Hawaii was divided between king Kalaniopuu son, Kiwalao, and his nephew, Kamehameha
eruption of Kīlauea
The Declaration of Rights transformed Hawaiian society by establishing equal rights for both commoners and ali'i
The eruption of Mauna Loa
conducive to immigration
McKinley and three representatives of the government of the Republic of Hawaii – Lorrin Thurston, Francis Hatch, and William Kinney – signed a treaty of annexation