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Sir Francis Bacon published "The Proficience and Advancement of Learning" which contained a description of what would later be known as the scientific method.
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Joseph Black isolated carbon dioxide, which he called "fixed air"
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Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen as a colorless, odourless gas that burns and can form an explosive mixture with air
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Antoine Lavoisier wrote the first extensive list of elements containing 33 elements & distinguished between metals and non-metals
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Jakob Berzelius developed a table of atomic weights & introduced letters to symbolize elements
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John Newlands arranged the known elements in order of atomic weights & observed similarities between some elements
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William Ramsay discovered the Noble Gases.
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Henry Moseley determined the atomic number of each of the elements and modified the 'Periodic Law'.