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Iron, Copper, Zinc, Carbon, Sulphur, Silver, Tin, Antimoney, Gold, Mercury, Lead and Bismuth
Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Carbon (C), Sulphur (S), Silver (Ag), Tin (Sn), Antimoney (Sb), Gold (Au), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Bismuth (Bi) These elements were found before 1250 B.C.E and are known as an antique elements. Iron, copper andn silver was regularly used for weaponry, carbon was coal and gold for jewelry. -
Period: to
Periodic Table Timeline
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Dalton's Law
Dalton's Law consisted of the idea that an atom is a universal entity which constructs everything. His theory begins in the concept that everything is made up of atoms and atoms are indivisible and indestructible. Dalton's second law states that every atom of an element is identical in it's characterstics and mass. Lastly, Dalton states that compounds are constructed of two or more different kinds of atoms. This revolutionary theory is significant because it is proven and sitll stands today. -
Rule of Triads
Johann Dobereiners law was constructed in the 18th century as a coincidental feat between elements. Dobereiner discovered that elements with similar properties could be arranged by their atomic mass, yet always grouped in threes. Two elements being of higher value and lower value and one sitting exactly in the middle, coincidentally sharing the same characteristics. -
Telluric Screw
Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois was the first to lay out these elements onto paper tape and wind them around a cylindar in a spiral fashion. This representation grouped the elements in accordance with their atomic mass and was called the Telluric Screw and was the first periodic table. -
John Newlands
John Newland made the descovery of the rule of octaves, in which if the elemnts are arranged in accordance of atomic weight there would be a periodic similarity every 8 elements. The similarities were the characteristics that each element held. -
Mendeleev's Periodic Table
Dimitri Mendeleev was the russian science who constructed a periodic table which contained groups and periods in accordance with the valence shells (groups) and the amount of shells the atom takes up (periods). This organisation of elements won Dimitri a Nobel Prize. This uncomplicated chemistry significantly. -
The Noble Gases
Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsey were the first to discover the noble gases as the unreactive, stable atoms. These were arranged in the periodic table and were thought to be completely unreactive and unable to make compounds. These two received noble prizes after their formation of the first artificially produced Noble Gas compound. -
Thomson's Law
J.J. Thomson was a particle physist who discovered electrons through cathode rays. The revolutionary discovery nullified other theories that stated that atoms are the smallest object. His theory described that electrons were the building blocks of atoms, being the negative charge surrounded by a sea of positive energy - this was the plum pudding model -
The Discovery of the Nucleus
Ernest Rutherford was the student of the physisist J.J. Thompson who had acknowledged Thomson's Plum Pudding theory. Ernest Rutherford along with his acquantances shot alpha particles at a gold sheet of foil. Rutherford realised that although the particles passed through the atom, an unkown entity taking up most mass of the atom redirected some alpha particles - this was found to be the nucleus. This disproved Thomson's plum pudding theory. -
The Bohr Model
Niels Bohr created concepts for the electron's energy on the basis of the Rutherford Model. His model describes that electrons in orbit can either be in ground state or excited state. For an electron to need higher energy, it's orbit has to be further from the orbit. An electron which is very close to the nucleus is at ground state and barely needs energy. Debroglie and Schrodinger later explained this theory in terms of waves. -
Rearrangement of the Periodic Table
Henry Moseley rearranged the elements of the periodic table in Atomic Number rather than Atomic Mass. This allowed the periodic table to become a more fitting representation. -
Glen Seaborg
Glen Seaborg is responsible for the first artificially created heavy mass elements by transfiguring transuranium elements. Seaborg discovered the elements 94 to 102 and is awarded for his efforts by a nobel prize, aswell as the chemical element Seaborgium (Sg) -
Knowledge
The construction of the Periodic table has allowed my realisation of the periodic trends to stand clear. As groups go lower, the higher the atomic mass goes higher in synchronisaiton with the atom size. Metallic characters stay from the left side of the periodic table due to the lower electron level contrary to the non metals on the far upper right side.
