Period 4

  • Second Great Awakening

    -widespread religious revival
    -emphasized personal salvation and reform
    -inspired social movements (abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights)
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    Protestant Revivalism

    -religious movement
    -gained traction in early to mid 1800s
    -characterized by passionate preaching and increased church attendance
    -leading to social reform movements
    -abolition and temperance
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    John Marshall (Supreme Court chief justice)

    -Federalist Supreme Court chief justice
    -served for 34 years, outlasting the Federalist Party's political power
    -strengthened the power of the federal government and the supreme court
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    Aaron Burr

    -Jefferson's vice president
    -killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel
    -tried but acquitted for treason for allegedly plotting to create an independent nation in the West
  • Louisiana Purchase

    -Controlled by Spain, transferred to France under Napoleon
    -Economic benefits to the US
    -Purchased by Jefferson for $15 million after negotiations
    -Doubled size of U.S.
    -Strengthened Jefferson's popularity
    -Weakened Federalist Party
  • Marbury v. Madison

    -established judicial review
    -gave Supreme Court power to declare laws unconstitutional
    -strengthened federal judiciary's role in checks and balances
  • Lewis and Clark

    -Planned before Louisiana Purchase, expanded in importance after
    -Began in St. Louis, Missouri
    -Explore to the pacific coast
    -Reached the Oregon coast and returned in 1806
    -greater geographic and scientific knowledge of the region
    -strengthened U.S. claims to the Oregon territory
    improved relations with Native American tribes through diplomacy
    -produced more accurate maps (benefited trade and migration)
  • Embargo Act

    -Law passed under Jefferson
    -banned all American trade with foreign nations
    -protect U.S. ships during Napoleonic wars
    -devastated the U.S. economy
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    War of 1812

    -conflict between U.S. and Britain over trade restrictions, impressment of sailors, and frontier tensions
    -War ended in a stalemate
    -fostered nationalism
    -weakened Native American resistance
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    Hartford Convention

    -meeting of New England federalists
    -opposed the war of 1812
    -proposed constitutional amendments to limit rebublican power
    -seen as unpatriotic
    -contributed to the decline of the Federalist Party
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    Seminole War

    -conflict between U.S. forces and seminole tribe in Florida
    -Andrew Jackson's invasion led to U.S gaining Florida from Spain
  • McCulloch v. Maryland

    -supreme court ruling
    -upheld constitutionality of national bank
    -denied states the power to tax federal institutions
    -reinforced federal supremacy
  • Adams-Onis Treaty

    -agreement
    -between U.S. and Spain
    -U.S. acquired Florida
    -set boundary between U.S. and Spanish territory in the West
  • Missouri Compromise

    -agreement
    -admitted Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state
    -banned slavery north of 36'30 line
    -temporarily eased sectional tensions
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    Canal Age

    -marked by the construction of canals like the Erie Canal
    -expanded trade and connected regional economies
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    Temperance Crusade

    -social movement
    -advocating for reduction or prohibition of alcohol consumption
    -gained significant momentum
    -addressed social issues linked to alcohol abuse
  • Denmark Vesey

    -prominent figure
    -orchestrated a planned slave uprising in Charleston, South Carolina
    -secure freedom for enslaved individuals
    -uprising was thwarted
    -led to severe repercussions for the black community
  • Monroe Doctrine

    -declared western hemisphere was closed to European colonization
    -established U.S. as protector of the Americas and a growing power in foreign affairs
  • Gibbons v. Ogden

    -Supreme Court case
    -only federal government can regulate interstate commerce
    -strengthened federal power over the states
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    John Quincy Adams

    -6th president
    -played key diplomat
    -auhtored Monroe doctrine
    -negotiated Adams onis treaty
    -"corrupt bargain" charge weakened his presidency
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    Andrew Jackson

    -7th president
    -championed "common man"
    -expanded executive power
    -opposed national bank
    -supported Indian removal
  • Indian Removal Act

    -authorizing president to exchange Native American lands in the southeast for territory west of Mississippi River
  • Joseph Smith

    -founder of Latter Day Saint movement
    -recognized for his religious teachings and the introduction of the Book of Mormon
    -efforts were part of broader search for spiritual freedom during time of social upheaval
  • Transcendentalism

    -philosophical and literary movement
    -emphasizing inherent goodness of people and nature
    -advocating for self reliance and individual intuition
    -key figures (Emerson and Thoreau)
  • Nat Turner

    -enslaved African American led a significant rebellion in VA
    -Nat Turner's rebellion
    -violent uprising resulted in deaths of approximately 60 white individuals
    -intensified national debate over slavery
    -led to harsh reprisals against enslaved people
  • Worcester v. Georgia

    -Supreme Court case
    -georgia laws had no authority over Cherokee lands
    -President Jackson ignored decision
    -led to trail of tears
  • Panic of 1837

    -severe economic depression
    -followed Jackson's financial policies
    -bank war and specie circular led to widespread unemployment and bank failures
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    Martin Van Buren

    -8th president
    -Jackson's ally
    -faced panic of 1837
    -upheld laissez-faire economic policies
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    Trail of Tears

    -forced relocation of Cherokee and other native tribes from the southeast to Indian territory
  • Amistad

    -spanish slave ship
    -involved in a notable rebellion where enslaved africans seized control
    -led to landmark Supreme Court case regarding their right to freedom of-emphasizing struggle for liberation similar to uprisings of Vesey and Turner
  • Samuel F. B. Morse

    -inventor of the telegraph and Morse code
    -revolutionized long distance communication in the 1840s
  • William Henry Harrison

    -9th president
    -whig candidate
    -military hero of Tippecanoe
    -died one month after taking office
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    Dorr Rebellion

    -short lived rebellion
    -in rhode island
    -led by Thomas Dorr
    -expanded voting rights to all white man regardless of property ownership
  • Webster-Ashburnton Treaty

    -U.S.-British treaty
    -settled the Maine-Canada boundary
    -improving Anglo-American relations
  • Commonwealth v. Hunt

    -Massachusetts Supreme Court decision
    -declared labor unions legal
    -stikes an acceptable means of protest
  • Seneca Falls Convention

    -first women's rights convention
    -activists gathered to discuss suffrage and gender equality
    -resulted in declaration of sentiments