optics fathers By facebooker_10227714351797085 Period: 1629 to 1695 Christiaan Huygens Netherlands Period: 1768 to 1830 Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier France Period: 1788 to 1827 Augustin-Jean Fresnel France Period: 1793 to 1830 George Green United Kingdom Period: 1821 to 1894 Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz Germany Period: 1824 to 1887 Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Germany Period: 1839 to 1907 James Clerk Maxwell United Kingdom Period: 1842 to 1919 John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh United Kingdom Period: 1868 to 1951 Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld Germany