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Period: 1185 to
Samurai
In the Treaty of Portsmouth, the Japanese maintained control of Manchuria and Korea. The Japanese left the war with a victory, but their funds were severely depleted. When Russian Emperor Nicholos refused to pay indemnities to Japan, Japan did not have the power to negotiate. Coup d’état by the Samurai class. The main goal of the Samurai was to strengthen the army and prevent infighting between feudal territories. Japan quickly rose to be a major power in Asia. -
Period: 1526 to
Mughal Empire
According to Certell.org, "The Mughal’s were ruled by Islamic leaders but promoted religious tolerance. In 1857, it was rumored that the British gave the troops animal cartridges soaked in either beef or pork fat and forced the soldiers to bite off the tip of the cartridge before loading it into their gun. This went against the religious doctrine of both the Hindu and Muslim population, as the cow is sacred under Hindu religious doctrine and Islamic practices forbid consumption of pork." -
Period: to
British Government Pt. 2
The British Raj provided India with some benefits. Such as the development of railroads and communication systems. They also provided Indian people with better healthcare and medicine, although this caused a population boom and resulted in food shortages. It also helped build modern infrastructure and provided national unity. -
Period: to
Qing government
The Qing empire lasted almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. The Qing dynasty was known for exporting luxury products such as silk, porcelain, and tea with Europe in exchange for gold and silver. The Boxer Rebellion weakened the Qing dynasty enough that its downfall was inevitable. Merchants were limited to entering certain ports and could only visit certain territories in China. This severely limited their ability to trade with the Chinese people. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Government Pt. 2
Isolationism was important to the Tokugawas because it made Japanese citizens question the legitimacy of the shogunate’s rule as they became aware of the progress the rest of the world had made while Japan was closed off. The people wanted to modernize and began to call for direct imperial rule in order to unify and strengthen the country. In 1868, Japan underwent the Meiji Restoration, overthrowing the Tokugawa Shogunate, establishing a military government, and returning power to the emperor. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa Shogunate maintained a 200 year period of isolation in Japan, causing the Japanese to miss the period of westernization and modernization the rest of the world experienced. While isolationism protected Japan from Western influence, it caused many problems with the progression of industrialization. The daimyo of the ruling class, faced hardship because their income relied on agricultural production, which became much less valuable under the military government of the shogunate. -
Period: to
English East India Company
They arrived in India in 1608 to search for a way to bypass the Ottoman Empire and trade with the East. The British East India Company officially came to power in 1757 by taking Bengal as a British territory, and the Mughal Empire unsuccessfully tried to take back this territory in the Bengal War. -
Period: to
Commodore Matthew Perry
Commodore Matthew Perry to give a personal letter from Fillmore to Japan asking them to trade with the United States. Under President Fillmore, the United States was very focused on expanding its markets. The U.S. wanted to beat Russia to a trade agreement with the Japanese and were willing to use force to open Japan if necessary. The Americans were looking for a port in the Pacific to allow easy access to China and southeast Asia. -
Period: to
Empress Ci Xi
Women's liberation embarked on the path to introduce parliamentary elections to China. The Treaty of Nanjing ended the first war of the opium war. China paid the British an indemnity ceded the territory of Hong Kong Hong Xiuquan- leader of the Taiping rebellion Taiping Rebellion- 1850 The Taiping rebellion was a revolt against the quing dynasty in China signed hundreds day reforms in to provide residence in Beijing for foreign envoys. posed a great threat to the power of the elite and wealthy. -
Period: to
Indian Slavery Act
Certell.org said, "The Indian Slavery Act was passed in 1843, outlawing economic transactions associated with the institution of slavery, and eventually led to its abolition. The Company also outlawed the Caste System (the religious social structure of Hinduism). In 1829, Great Britain also outlawed Sati, the act of widows throwing themselves on their deceased husband’s funeral pyre. Sati was a traditional Hindu practice meant to show the widow’s devotion to her husband." -
Period: to
Favored-Nation Treaty
The Americans were looking for a port in the Pacific to allow easy access to China and southeast Asia. Perry’s goal was to force the Japanese to agree to a favored-nation treaty, so that in the future, Japan would not overlook America in terms of trade. The shogunate was well aware of the treatment of the Chinese after the Opium Wars and did not wish to test the Americans and be subjected to a series of unfair treaties. -
Period: to
National Independence Movement And Amritsar Massacre
Certell.org said, "unrest from the poor treatment of Indian soldiers, the British wars that affected India’s economy, and the issue of education, spurred the creation of an Indian National Congress in 1885 and marked the beginning of the National Independence movement. Tensions due to the rise of the Nationalist movement erupted in Amritsar. This Amritsar Massacre furthered the divide between the British and the Indian people, and many began calling for full Independence." -
Period: to
Meiji Restoration
In 1868, Japan underwent the Meiji Restoration, overthrowing the Tokugawa Shogunate, establishing a military government, and returning power to the emperor. The Meiji Restoration (1868- 1912) was a coup d’état by the Samurai class. -
Period: to
Parliamentary System
The Japanese diplomats saw firsthand the devastating effects of the Civil War on the American people and they decided that a Democratic Republic form of government was dangerous. Instead, the Japanese modernized based on the institutions they saw in Europe, and favored a parliamentary system. After the diplomat’s return, a bureaucratic government was created and a parliament was formed. The constitution, based on the German system, created a bicameral legislature called the Diet. -
Period: to
Zaibatsus
Large industrial powerhouse families and banking families, known as Zaibatsus, began to dominate the Japanese industrial world. Industrialization also caused the Samurai to decline in power, as the new modernized military no longer needed the warriors to fight in hand to hand combat. -
Period: to
Indian National Congress
According to Certell.org, "unrest from the poor treatment of Indian soldiers, the British wars that affected India’s economy, and the issue of education, spurred the creation of an Indian National Congress in 1885 and marked the beginning of the National Independence movement. A Muslim League also formed, calling for a separate Muslim State. The Indian National congress called for self-rule and supported western modernization." -
Period: to
Theodore Roosevelt
Most of the fighting occurred in Manchuria and China. Over 20,000 Chinese civilians died as a result of the war because the Russian forces looted and burned villages throughout Japanese-ruled Manchuria. The treaty negotiations were mediated by U.S president Theodore Roosevelt. In the Treaty of Portsmouth, the Japanese maintained control of Manchuria and Korea. The treaty negotiations were mediated by U.S president Theodore Roosevelt.