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Jean Piaget is another psychologist known for his discoveries in child development. Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development is that children move through different stages (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational) in order to develop logical thinking and intelligence. He believes children learn best through assimilation and accommodation. He also believes that as children mature, they adjust their understanding of the world around them.
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A famous psychologist, best known for his research on children's psychological development. Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development focuses on how children learn best when having social interactions and being exposed to different cultures. He believed that they learn when working with tecahers or peers who can guide/support them.
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Stephen Krashen is a linguist who is known for his theories and hypotheses on language development in children. His most known thoery of Second Language Acquisition says that language is acquired subconsciously and through comprehensible input. He also emphasizes the distinction between unconscious acquisition and conscious learning.
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This act helped to give federal funding to K–12 public schools (especially to support low-income students). The funding helped pay for essentials like textbooks, special education services, and teacher training, and it also started a focus on high standards and accountability that continues today through laws like the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA).
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The Whole Language movement was popular in the 1970s and 1990s (really picking up in the 1980s). It taught reading by having children read real books and focus on meaning instead of practicing phonics skills. Supporters believed children learn to read naturally, like they learn to talk. People argued that it did not teach decoding skills, which ultimately led to more structured reading approaches in the classrooms.
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This act focused on improving children in grades K-3's reading skills through research-based methods, teacher guidance/training, and even family literacy. The overall goal was to ensure that all children are able to read independently and proficiently by the end of third grade.
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This act was a U.S. Act of Congress implemented by President George W. Bush in 2002. It reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and included Title I changes that apply to disadvantaged students. It focused on stronger accountability for results, more freedom for states and communities, proven education methods, and more choices for parents.