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Was a movement based on the belief that learning to read is a natural process. Children acquire reading and writing skills the same way they acquire spoken language skills. Kenneth Goodman started this movement in the 1960's. https://www.languagehumanities.org/what-is-whole-language.htm (Language Humanities)
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Her theory emphasized the importance of children's early literacy experiences. She also emphasized that children come to school with different levels of prior knowledge. She defined emergent literacy as "the skills and knowledge that precede conventional reading and writing" according to Pressbooks Create.
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Firth created one of the most influential models of how children learn to read and write. There are three stages.
Stage 1: logical phase- Kids recognize familiar words by visual cues and context
Stage 2: alphabetic stage- They start using spelling sound rules to decode unfamiliar words and sounding words out
Stage 3: orthographic stage- Students start to not sound out every sound but recognize larger spelling patterns and become more fluent in reading.
"The Academia Genius" -
This act was passed to enhance the literacy and basic skills of adults. It was also created to ensure that all adults in the United States gained the basic skills that were required to function and achieve the greatest possible opportunities in their work and lives. It also was created to strengthen and coordinate literacy programs for adults. GovTracks.us
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The National Reading Panel was formed to answer the best way to teach literacy to children. They found that phonics had a significant impact on students from kindergarten to sixth grade.
The University of Texas Permian Basin
National Institutes of Health -
This act amended Public School Code to expand students access to structured literacy and evidence-based reading instruction. This is a Pennsylvania law and passed for Pennsylvania schools.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania