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Introduction of Zen Buddhism:
Around 500 CE, Zen Buddhism was introduced to Japan from China. Emphasizing meditation, mindfulness, and inner peace over rituals, Zen became a major influence on Japanese culture, shaping art, philosophy, and the disciplined mindset of the samurai. -
Rise of the Samurai:
In 1185, Japan entered a new era as the samurai rose to power after the Genpei War between the Taira and Minamoto clans. The Minamoto’s victory established the first shogunate under Minamoto no Yoritomo, marking the beginning of samurai rule and Japan’s feudal age. -
The Mongol Invasions of Japan:
The Mongols attempted to invade Japan twice, in 1274 and 1281, under Kublai Khan’s rule. Both invasions failed due to strong samurai resistance and powerful typhoons, later called kamikaze or “divine winds,” believed to have protected Japan from conquest. -
Ashikaga Shogunate Begins:
In 1338, Ashikaga Takauji established the Ashikaga Shogunate, marking the start of the Muromachi period. This era was known for political instability but great cultural growth, including the rise of Zen-influenced arts such as tea ceremonies, gardening, and Noh theatre. -
Onin War and the Start of the Sengoku Period:
The Onin War began in 1467 as a dispute over shogunal succession, plunging Japan into chaos. It marked the start of the Sengoku, or “Warring States,” period—a century of civil war and power struggles among rival samurai lords.