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Formally ended WWI. It placed heavy penalties on Germany, leading to severe socioeconomic and political instability. It changed the environmental landscape by redrawing a multitude of European borders and dismantling some remaining empires.
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Spanish Flu Pandemic (1918-1920)
Occurring just as WWI ended, this pandemic killed an estimated 50 million people worldwide, causing massive demographic shifts and a lingering sense of loss. -
Established to promote international cooperation and maintain peace, in the end it proved unable to prevent the aggression of the ‘30s, reflecting the fragility of the political environment
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Characterised by Jazz music, the rise of “flapper”culture, and increased consumerism. It was a period of rapid social change, particularly regarding women’s rights and lifestyles.
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Benito Mussolini’s “March On Rome” led to the foundation of the first fascist regime, which later inspired Nazi Germany and other totalitarian movements
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Following the war, Germany’s economy collapsed. Prices rose by over 30,000%, wiping out savings and destabilizing the Weimar Republic
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Sir Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin changed modern medicine at the time, paving the benchmark for antibiotics and public health improvements.
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The Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms and drought in the Great Plains of the USA and Canada, caused by poor agricultural choices and the lack of rain, forcing large amounts of people to migrate
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Beginning with the US stock market crash, the Great Depression led to global unemployment, poverty and the disintegration of international trade and it directly linked to the rise of totalitarian governments.
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Japan’s sudden invasion marked a major step towards the sequel war “WWII”, testing the limits of the LON (League Of Nations) and changing the geopolitical, and in turn environmental management, landscape in East Asia.