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Richard Arkwright
Richard Arkwright was an English inventor during the Industrial Revolution. He is credited with the development of the water frame, a tool for spinning thread and yarn. This allowed yarn to be mass-produced. -
James Watt
James Watt was a Scottish inventor, engineer, and chemist. He improved Thomas Newcomen's steam engine, creating his own. His version of the steam engine was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution. -
Automobile
An automobile is a self-propelled land vehicle that is usually wheeled. Automobiles revolutionized and mass-produced travel, and it was one of the most important inventions of the Industrial Revolution. -
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is a family of normative ethical theories that is based on pushing actions that maximize happiness and well being for everyone involved. In other words, pushing actions for the greater good for the most people. -
Socialism
Socialism is an economic and political philosophy known most for the idea that society owns the means of production, not by private owners. Usually seen as an opposition to Capitalism. -
Cotton Gin
The cotton gin is a machine that quickly and efficiently separates the cotton fibers from their seeds. The cotton gin had made cotton farming more profitable and may have been an indirect contributing factor to starting the American Civil War because of plantation owners needing more slaves to pick cotton for the faster cotton gin. -
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist most known for his work on evolution. He proposed that all life evolved from a common ancestor, which has been generally accepted today and seen as a fundamental scientific concept. -
Dynamo
A dynamo is an electrical generator using direct current. They were the first generators capable for powering industry. That made it incredibly important for the Industrial Revolution, and the dynamo was the foundation for future electrical power converters. -
Alfred Nobel
Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer, and businessman. He is most known for inventing dynamite and lending his fortune to establish the Nobel Prizes. He was a prominent inventor during the Industrial Revolution, holding 355 patents in his lifetime. -
Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was an American inventor and businessman. He made many developments in the electrical power, sound, and video recording. Some of his inventions include the phonograph and the motion picture camera. -
Communism
Communism is social, political, and economic ideology within the socialist movement. Its key features are the common ownership of the means of production, the lack of private property, and ultimately no money. It is seen as the antithesis of capitalism by people. -
Social Democracy
Social Democracy is social, economic, and political philosophy that supports political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist and democratic approach toward achieving limited socialism. In modern days, social democracies take place within capitalist economies, with the state regulating the economy. -
Mutual-Aid Societies
Mutual-Aid Societies are an organizational model where voluntary and collaborative exchanges of resources and services between members of society to meet common needs. They will often come about in relief efforts, like for COVID-19 and natural disasters. -
Airplane
An airplane is a fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust. The first working airplane to fly came from the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur Wright, on December 17th, 1903. -
Assembly Line
An assembly line is a manufacturing process where an unfinished product moves from a workstation to workstation, usually by conveyer belt, to be built bit-by-bit. It is regarded as faster and more efficient than having workers carry parts to a non-moving product.