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Birth of modern philosophy; tradition shifts from faith to rational doubt.
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A monumental tradition-blending work combining Christian belief and Aristotle.
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A synthesis of Jewish tradition and Aristotelian logic.
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Middle Eastern philosopher who preserves and extends Greek rationalist traditions.
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A high-relief sculptural band running along the Parthenon’s inner chamber, showing religious procession traditions in Ancient Athens.
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Socrates’ execution becomes a foundational moment for the philosophical tradition of questioning authority and defending moral principles.
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Augustine merges Greek philosophical traditions with Christian theology for centuries.
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Aristotle’s school develops the traditions of logic, science, and systematic reasoning.
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Stoicism becomes a major ethical tradition emphasizing reason, virtue, and self-control.
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A blend of political power and philosophical tradition guiding personal morality.
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A Roman reinterpretation of Stoic traditions, tying philosophy to daily life.
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Introduces political traditions of rights, liberty, and social contract theory.
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Reshapes Western philosophical tradition by balancing rationalism and empiricism.
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Challenges economic and social traditions with materialist philosophy.
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Questions morality and tradition itself; introduces the idea of revaluing values.