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This can be regarded as common knowledge. --Jason
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Grist mill dam erected at Watertown, first of 43 industrial mills to be built on lower Charles First change to the flow of the Charles River.
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The First Industrial Canal in North America. crwa.org/ Photo: http://www.boston-online.com/cityviews/mother_brook.html (Not a scholarly site, but I'll vouch for the image.--Jason)
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Boston streets are paved with cobblestone; underground drainage systems created.
epa.gov -
Building of Moody Street Dam created the mill pond and led to the extensive use of the Charles for recreational purposes and drew a lot of people/tourists.
(crwa.org)(added by Abby Rendos -
"Introduction of public water supply spurs develop of internal plumbing for waste; waste is conveyed directly to Charles through pre-existing street drains and through newly constructed common sewers carrying storm and sewer water" (EPA). -Ibi Taher
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43 mills reported downstream of Watertown Falls; report notes they contribute to river pollution. crwa.org/
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Smaller river area in combination of sewage resulted in combined sewer overflows (CSO) and raised health concerns.
www.epa.gov
Added by David DeSario -
Construction effort led by Charles Eliot. crwa.org --Jason
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In this decade, new water supply in western MA allows Greater Boston population to expand, putting more stress on river. crwa.org Photo: https://sites.tufts.edu/dca/tag/quabbin-reservoir/ --Jason
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"By the mid-1960's the river was in sorry shape after several years of lower-than-average rainfall. Raw sewage flowed from outmoded wastewater treatment plants. Toxic discharges from industrial facilities colored the river pink and orange" (CRWA). - Monica Coyle
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crwa.org --Jason
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Earth Day, Clean Air Act, and Environmental Protection Agency all produced in this year.
(Struck, Raw Sewage Continues to Contaminate Waterways in New England)
-Sara -
--Jason
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Clean-up of Charles intensifies as result. crwa.org --Jason
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Aimed to make river swimmable and fishable (www.epa.gov) Danielle Venticinque
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EPA launches an ambitious effort to restore the river to better ecological health. EPA identified a goal of making the Charles River both "fishable" and "swimmable." http://www.epa.gov/region1/charles/initiative.html Submitted by Grant Myers
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A Master Plan for the basin was developed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, creating a comprehensive assessment and vision of the parks, parkways, river banks, and watershed of the Charles. -Santiago B.
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CRWA reduces point sources of pollution which is a major component of the EPA's Clean Charles inititative. (crwa.org) Shelby Reardon
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Kaitlin Cullen-Verhauz
To regulate storm water discharge and hold businesses accountable for reducing their own runoff, the EPA moved to issue two permits that apply to municipalities and private properties with more than 2 acres of impervious pavement and/or rooftops in F, B and M. Senator Richard Moore (Uxbridge D), Rep John Fernandes (Milford D) put pressure on the Mass congressional delegation to block the EPA from implementing rules that would harm business. (Martinez) -
As a result of this work, 630,770 gallons raw sewerage prevented from entering river each day. Daley, Boston Globe --Jason
