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-use portraits, self-portraits, historical and biblical scenes
-chiaroscuro-
-Jan Vermeer--intimate domestic scene with soft light
-realism
-Still life often carries symbolism
-Impasto
-Atmospheric perspective -
-dramatic emotion
-chiaroscuro
-tenebrism
-religious and moral themes
-movement and energy
-works are often interactive -
- intense naturalism -focuses on everyday life -psychological presence -religious symbolism in still life -royal and catholic propaganda -bodegon / representation of common objects of daily life, most of the time including food / still life images -major artists include: Diego Velazquez, Francisco de Zurbaran, and Josepe (Jose) de Ribera
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This is a biblical scene meant to inspire spiritual reflection; it depicts the moment the resurrected Christ reveals himself to two disciples. He uses chiaroscuro to illuminate Christ and the central figures, enhancing depth and focus. -
This artwork is an example of Italian Baroque naturalism because it shows the raw human emotion and muscle movement, rather than idealized forms. Caravaggio uses chiaroscuro to highlight Christ's body against a dark background. -
This painting tells a biblical story, typical of the Italian Renaissance. It also conveys a dramatic emotion; Susanna's facial expression shows fear and tension. Her use of dramatic baroque intensity, strong chiaroscuro, and bold figures was similar to Caravaggio and her father, Orazio Gentileschi. -
Ribera was known for his psychological intensity, raw textures, and sympathy for the marginalized. IN this artwork, we can see the wrinkles on his hand and her face. Texture and a Tenebrism -
This type of artwork is known as a genre scene, given its focus on everyday life scenes. This artwork shows an African American woman at work; she is surrounded by kitchen objects, such as a jug, a pot, and a mortar and pestle. Probably to emphasize that she is a type of maid who is doing her daily tasks. -
Artemisia's interpretation is powerful and intense, showing physical strength, blood, and emotions. She uses chiaroscuro and female empowerment, reflecting Artemisia's unique life experiences. -
Saint Serapio was a Christian monk from the Mercedarian order, a group that helped free people who were taken as slaves during the Middle Ages. Zurbarán painted Saint Serapio after his martyrdom, focusing on peace and sacrifice instead of violence. This artwork is an example of tenebrism, giving the bright figure of the saint against a dark, deep background. Similar to the Caravaggista paintings. -
The painting represents a vanitas, a common theme in Dutch Baroque art that uses everyday objects and scenes to convey a moral message about human indulgence and the inevitability of death. The artwork serves as a reminder that time and life are fleeting, encouraging viewers to reflect on mortality and the temporary nature of earthly pleasures. -
This painting shows a real event, a public anatomy class. It also combines group portraiture with science. Rembrandt uses chiaroscuro to make the painting look more dramatic and three-dimensional. -
This painting shows Zurbarán's tactile style. The bumpy skin on the lemons, the shiny reflective plate, and the softness of the rose. He also uses tenebrism, which makes the fruit pop out from the dark background. This painting also carries symbolic and spiritual meaning. This painting has been interpreted as an homage to the Virgin, with the oranges, their blossoms, and the cup of water symbolizing her purity, and the thornless rose referring to her Immaculate Conception. -
In this artwork, we can see the pain Bartholomew is going through. He appears very realistic; nothing is hidden or idealized. Ribera uses tenebrism to make the saints' pain more dramatic and intense. -
Francisco de Zurbarán was also known as the "Spanish Caravaggio" for his use of chiaroscuro. He is also known for his use of tactile realism, giving sacred subjects a sense of human presence and texture of cloth, skin, wood, and fabrics. This painting incorporates a religious theme and still-life style. The lamb is a metaphor for the persecution of Jesus Christ. And if you look closer, you could really see his tactile style on the sheep's skinit's almost as if you could feel the texture -
This is a scene of mischievous play that would be familiar in 17th-century Dutch life. This artwork includes a message: "he who plays with cats gets scratched". Many Dutch Baroque paintings include subtle messages. -
Ribera shows a young boy with a physical disability in a humble way; he is not idealized. This helped establish the Spanish-Italian Baroque Naturalistic style by showing that even marginalized figures could be painted with dignity and realism. -
This painting depicts a group portrait of a civic guard company preparing to march. In this painting, we can see some motion going on, which was not usual for this time. -
Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez spent most of his career working for King Philip IV as his court painter. This artwork was created to commemorate the king’s successful military campaign in Aragon, during which he recovered the city of Lérida from the rebels and the French. The piece is considered part of the Spanish Baroque style, particularly due to its use of deep tenebrism. -
This is a portrait of Sebastian de Morra, a "court dwarf" who worked for King Philip IV of Spain. Court dwarfs were used as companions and entertainers. They were expected to fulfill cultural stereotypes associated with their bodies. They were often traded as gifts amongst royals. Overall, this artwork shows the Spanish Baroque style because it shows people with physical restraints and deep tenebrism, which allows us to feel the intense emotion. -
This artwork is a genre scene that is focused on ordinary domestic life, rather than mythology or religion. There is also realism and detail; the bread in the painting looks rough, and the milk flows realistically, and the fabric in her clothes shows weight. The composition is calm and intimate, typical of a Dutch Baroque genre painting. -
This is a tronie; artists used them to experiment with emotion, light, and realism. In Girl with a Pearl Earring, Vermeer focuses on the momentary glance and expression, not identity.