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Around 1690, John Locke came up with the concept called "tabula rasa", where he believed children are born neutral rather than evil or good. This is a "clean slate" on which the experiences of parents, society, education, and the world affect the child. He was also one of the first European educators to voice how he believed you should focus on individual differences from observing one child instead of simply just teaching a group.
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German was the first country to have kindergarten. Kindergarten has gone through many social changes throughout the years. At first it was for poor students and then it went to be led by churches. The kindergarten we know today is the first grade that students enter when they go to school to help them become more independent and prepared for the following grades.