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The Mystic massacre – also known as the Pequot massacre and the Battle of Mystic Fort – took place on May 26, 1637 during the Pequot War, when a force from the Connecticut Colony under Captain John Mason and their Narragansett and Mohegan allies set fire to the Pequot Fort near the Mystic River. -
"The Scalp Act" refers to historical government-issued bounties for Native American scalps, particularly in colonial North America (like Massachusetts in the 1700s) and later California, incentivizing settlers to kill Indigenous people for payment, turning warfare -
The Three-Fifths Compromise was a crucial agreement at the 1787 Constitutional Convention that counted three-fifths of a state's enslaved population for both congressional representation and direct taxation -
The Battle of Tippecanoe was fought on November 7, 1811, in Battle Ground, Indiana, between American forces led by then-Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory and tribal forces associated -
The Missouri Compromise was federal legislation of the United States that balanced the desires of northern states to prevent the expansion of slavery in the country with those of southern states to expand it. -
The Trail of Tears was the forced displacement and ethnic cleansing of about 60,000 Native Americans of the "Five Civilized Tribes", including their black slaves, between 1830 and 1850 by the United States government -
The Indian Removal Act of 1830, signed by President Andrew Jackson, authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes from lands east of the Mississippi River to territories in the West, primarily for white settlement and cotton farming expansion -
Nat Turner's Rebellion, historically known as the Southampton Insurrection, was a slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831. -
The Fugitive Slave Act or Fugitive Slave Law was a statute passed by the 31st United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern interests in slavery and Northern Free-Soilers. -
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that held the United States Constitution did not extend American citizenship to people of black African -
The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, was a presidential order freeing enslaved people in Confederate states, transforming the Civil War's purpose to include ending slavery, allowing Black men to join the Union military, and paving the way for the 13th Amendment which permanently abolished slavery nationwide by war's end -
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1865, officially abolished slavery and involuntary servitude nationwide, except as a punishment for a crime, making it the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments. It was a crucial step after the Civil War, giving Congress power to enforce the ban and solidifying the end of the institution of slavery, paving the way for later amendments (14th 15th) to further define rights and voting for formerly enslaved people. -
The slave trade (importing enslaved people) ended in the U.S. on January 1, 1808, with the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves, but slavery itself ended with the 1865 ratification of the 13th Amendment, following the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) and the final freeing of all enslaved people in Texas on Juneteenth, 1865 (June 19). The 13th Amendment, ratified December 6, 1865, legally abolished slavery nationwide, making it a federal crime -
The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868 after the Civil War, is a cornerstone of American civil rights, granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., including formerly enslaved people, and guaranteeing "equal protection of the laws" and "due process" to everyone, applying these fundamental rights to the states