-
Dec. 9th 1952 - May 17th, 1954: A Supreme Court case that unanimously ruled that racial segregation in public schools were unconstitutional, henceforth overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson
(Map: Showing school segregation laws before the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education) -
A 381-day civil rights protest from Dec. 5th, 1955 - Dec. 20th, 1956, against segregated seating on public buses in Montgomery, Alabama -
Nine African-American students, known as the "Little Rock Nine," faced intense resistance from segregationists, including Governor Orvbal Gabus and the Arkansas National Guard -
Four young black men, Ezell Blair, Jr. (Later known as Jibreel Khazan), Frankling McCain, Joseph McNeil and David Richmond, came together in a series of nonviolent protests against segregation that was sparked by the Greensboro sit-in -
A group of white and Black civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated south to challenge the non-enforcement of Supreme Court decisions that ruled segregated public buses unconstitutional -
Violent riot against James Meredith arriving at the University of Mississippi, necessitating a massive federal intervention to ensure his admission and maintain order -
Apr. 3rd,1963 - May 10th,1963: A pivotal series of protests, sit-ins, and marches organized by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Alabama Christian Movement for Human rights to challenge segregation in the city. -
A political rally where 250,000 people gathered in Washington, DC, to advocate for civil and economic rights rights for African Americans. Featured Martin Luther King Jr.'s iconic "I Have a Dream" speech.
“Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” – Martin Luther King Jr. -
A landmark federal law that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2nd, 1964, it also made unequal application of voter registration requirements illegal. Provided federal enforcement powers to end discrimination in education, workplace, and public facilities -
Monumental victory that dismantled lots of voting restrictions, led to major increase in black voter registration, most effective civil rights law ever passed, and was made to enforce the 15th amendment guarantee
(Map: Between 1950 to 1980, the employment rate increased, especially for Black workers.) -
Thurgood Marshall served as an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court from 1967 to 1991, becoming the first African American to hold the position -
A post-Civil Rights movement phenomenon driven by the voting rights act of 1965, which protected voting rights. -
A set of policies and procedures designed to eliminate discrimination by providing preferential treatment and educational employment opportunities for members of minority groups. -
After police beat Rodney King, a black man, it led to widespread riots across LA -
She was the first black woman and second black person to be elected US Senate, after losing her bid she was announced as the U.S ambassador for New Zealand -
Minister Louis Farrakhan led attendees in a pledge to atone for shortcomings, support their families, and abstain from violence. -
Representation in media, culture, and college enrollment affects student expectations and outcomes, with historical media portrayals often lacking diversity and perpetuating stereotypes -
He was elected the 44th president of US on November 4, 2008, becoming the first African American president. It was a moment of major historical importance due to its symbolism of progress in civil rights. -
The Voting Rights Act has been weakened by several US Supreme Court decisions, primarily the 2013 ruling in Shelby County v. Holder, which eliminated the federal government's primary oversight mechanism for states with a history of discrimination. -
Want to end police brutality and systemic racism against the black community, to protect black lives and bodies. Peaceful demonstrations and advocacy to raise awareness and demand change