Christianity in India

  • 1498

    Vasco da Gama Arrives

    Portuguese missionaries arrive
    Begin Latinization and European influence
  • 1498

    Europeans Arrive in India

    Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama reaches India.
    Impact: Marks the beginning of major European influence, which strengthened and expanded Christian institutions.
  • 1542

    Arrival of St. Francis Xavier

    Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier comes to India as a papal ambassador.
    Impact: Begins widespread missionary work, baptism, and the establishment of early schools and churches.
  • Synod of Diamper

    Latin Church enforces its rules
    Ancient Indian Christian customs condemned
    Syriac manuscripts destroyed.
    Archbishop Menezes of Goa forces Latin customs on the St. Thomas Christians and suppresses Indian and East-Syrian traditions
  • First documented Catholic contact with Northeast India

    Stephen Caella and John Cabral were two Jesuits that visited Kamrup, Assam. This was the earliest Catholic presence. There was little to no long-term impact because no mission was permanently established.
  • Death of Archdeacon George

    His nephew, Thomas, becomes the leader of the St. Thomas Christians
  • The Coonan Cross Oath

    St. Thomas Christians rebel against Portuguese authority
    Major split in the community
    After rumors that the Chaldean bishop Ahatallah was drowned
    Thousands swear not to accept Portuguese rule
    Archdeacon Thomas was declared bishop by 12 priests
  • Arrival of West-Syrian Bishop

    A bishop sent by the Jacobite patriarch arrives in Kerala
    Introduced the West Syriac (Antiochene) liturgy
  • Period: to

    Small Christian Groups Appear

    Small groups of missionaries and travelers pass through Assam, but they do not create permanent missions. Christianity does not spread widely yet, but contact increases slowly.
  • First Petition to Rome

    Mar Thoma IV sent a petition to Rome
    Requested reunion and permission to keep traditional practices (like leavened bread)
  • Arrival of German Tranquebar Missionaries

    German Lutheran missionaries begin work in South India.
    Impact: Start Christian education in both local languages and English; print early Tamil-language books.
  • Second Petition to Rome

    Another petition is sent requesting unity and withdrawal of the Portuguese bishop
  • More Regular Missionary Movement Begins

    Catholic missionaries are visiting areas of Assam more often while traveling to Tibet and Bengal. These early contacts help prepare the region for large-scale missions