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Physical: Rapid weight gain. Can lift head (2-3 months), rolls over (4-6 months), sits unsupported (6-8 months), and crawls and may walk with support (9-12 months). Cognitive: Recognizes caregivers, explores with senses and begins object permanence. Speech: Babbles, responds to name, and says first words by 12 months. Emotional: Smiles at familiar faces and forms attachment to caregiver.
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Physical: Walks independently and begins running. Cognitive: Understands cause and effect and uses objects appropriately. Speech: Vocabulary grows to 100–150 words and begins using two-word sentences. Emotional: Shows independence, engages in parallel play, also may show temper tantrums.
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Physical: Can hop, skip, and climb, very improved hand-eye coordination, and begins drawing shapes and letters. Cognitive: Understands time and counting, uses imagination in play, and learns by asking “why?.” Speech: Speaks in full sentences and vocabulary explodes to 1,000+ words. Emotional: Plays cooperatively and develops friendships. Also begins to understand rules.
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Physical: Improved balance and coordination and can start riding a bike. Cognitive: Begins logical thinking and understands conservation. Speech: Uses complex sentences and begins reading and writing fluently. Social: Seeks approval from peers and gains confidence in skills.
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Physical: Growth spurts begin. Fine motor skills get more refined. Also, participates in organized sports. Cognitive: Thinks logically, problem-solving skills improve, and increased attention span. Speech: Masters grammar and understands figurative language and jokes. Social: Increased self-awareness and begins identity exploration.
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