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Spies in Canada: Gouzenko Affair
the Gouzenko affair- Gouzenko was trained in intelligence work
- assigned to the soviet embassy
- discovered soviet intelligence opporated spy networks in Canada and other Western countries
- Spies stole secrets of atomic bombs
- in fear of being sent back to Russia (a comunist contry angry at US) he offered to tell government information about spied in return for permenent protection
- didn't take him seriouslt until they attempted to kidnap him
- 18/39 spies were help responsible
-Gouzenko hid rest of life -
Quebec's Padlock Law
- Law gave police the right to seal off any properties owned by communist literature or activity and deport non-citizens
- denied freedom of speech to people
- could be incarcerated if involved in prohibited media activities -act of provence of Quebec, by Union National Government Maurice Duplessis
- put a padlock on the door and prevent the use of the building
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UN Peacekeeping
-Tension between Egypt and British over who owns the Suez canal
- Egypt want the canall because their men helped buil it for easy access into the Meditarranean from the red river
-Egypt is allies with Russia and British with the US both countries have atomic bombs so to avoid an atomic war there were peacekeepers
-killed anyone who threatened the peace
leader of peacekeeping is Lester B. Pearson who won a Nobel peacekeeping prize in 1957 -
Berlin Blockade
berlin blockade-Berlin, occupied with all four war time allies but was within baorders of the soviet controled region of east Germany
-USA tryed to get west Germany to be its own nation
-Soviet union leader Joseph Stalin than blocked all transportation to and from Berlin denying about 2 mil people food, fuel, and necessities
-US wanted to battle through the blokade
-Harry Truman instead had airforce fly over blokade delivering supplies and sparing many lives avoiding battle and the parishing of Berlin -
International Alliances: NATO
-The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an organization of people looking to protect against and/or end the Soviet agression
-members pledge to defend against enemy threats and attacks
- Canada, Belgium, Britain, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and USA members of NATO
- Warsaw pack is Germany and its allies against NATO
- these two allied groups led into the cold war
- promoting peace and security of allied countries -
the forgotten war : The Korean War
the forgotten war - forgotten because it wasn't really a battle 3 year conflict, never resolved
- China under communist control tryed to take over Asia and make it communist
-korea under US leadership, US troops fought in battle on koreas behalf
-3 milion koreans were killed
-battle was about defeating communism
-Korean ponincula is still up today -
Avro Arrow and its cancellation
History of the Avro Arrow -was a interceptor jet aircraft made by Canadians
-made to counter threats of Soviet
-governments controversial cancelled project in 1959
-might have become fastest airplane in the world
-threats of soviet bombers became false and US would not buy the planes because they didn't need defending
-many people lost their jobs
-Billions of dollars where lost in the building of these jets.
-about 600 jets were made at about 2 million dollars to create each -
The Vietnam war
The Vietnam war
-North vietnam victory
-American forces withdrew
-Canada didn't want to send troops becuase didn;t want to fight without support of United Nations
-thought sadon wasn't a threat of world peace
-Canada didn't perticipate in battle -
Sputnik and Canada's Space Program
The Sputnik-Soviets launch first Spunik satellite
-rocket that takes sputnik up to space could also deliver warhead to North America
-thinking they had a military disadventage they build long range missil ICMBs soviets then made long range missile as well
-sviet misseles were in Cuba
-US presedent wanted a blockade around Cuba to insure no weapons were dilivered to the missels instead they sent experts to examin suspected missile bases
-Soviet ships turned back before blockage and went home ending threat -
Continential alliances
-Air defence agreement signed by Canada and USA
-air defence surviellance and warning of the cold war attacks of soviet union
-NORAD headquarters in charge of defensive/offensive weapons
-US dominant leader makes the major policy and leadership decisions
-technology allowed them to set up distant early warning (DEW)
-could pick up enemy aircraft from 4800km away
-US prioritizes on having no attacks by Soviet union by threatening massive retaliation. -
Diefenbaker, Bomarc missiles and nuclear warheads in Canada
-Bomont missile was made by the US
-the missile could shoot right into Russia from where it was and it was created to defend against to Soviet Union and their alliances
-US wanted to bring missels into Canada so they had a better shot bu they added nuclear weapons attached to the missile
-Canadian Prime Ministor did not want nuclear weapons in Canada
-would allow the missils but no the nuclear weapons
-because US was not allowed to bring in their rockets they eventually gave up on the missiles -
The Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis-The closest the worl ever cam to nuclear war
-USA was ready to use nuclear weapons on the ememy
-Soviet Union was ready to use nuclear weapon in Cuba it the island was invaded
-John F. Kennedy told Soviets we would take down our weapons if they took their away
-lasted 13 days
-soviet union withdrew their weapons from Cuba
-Soviets and USA agreed not to attack unless provoked -
Canada - Soviet Hockey Series
hockey series -Canadians played hockey against the Soviets in a whole hockey series
-Soviets won 7-3 in opening game
-was an eight game showdown between hockeys two superpowers
-first compitition between Soviets and Canadians
-4 games in Canada 4 in Moscow
- Canada won 5 out of eight games -
The Fall of The Berlin Wall
fall of the berlin wall -concrete wall was 12 ft. tall and 106 km long
-made by German democratic republic
-kept people from fleeing east Germany and going to west
-after the alliances broke up it was everyone against Germany west ansd east
-battle between democracy and communism
-repression/bad working made them want to leave
-greatest symbol of cold war taken down reunited eaat + west Germany -
The Fall Of the Soviet Union
-Soviet Union fell into 15 seprate countries
-was done by the west
-victory for freedom
-freedom of a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism
-freedom of a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism
-changed world political situation
changed alliances and military all over the world
