Atomic Theory Timeline

  • Democritus
    460 BCE

    Democritus

    Atoms are "uncuttable"
    Atoms are small, hard particles
    Atoms constantly move
  • Democritus
    460 BCE

    Democritus

    Atoms are homogeneous meaning they have no internal structure. He stated atoms was solid, and stated all atoms differ in size, shape, mass, position and arrangement, with a void exists between them.
  • Dalton

    Dalton

    All substances are made of atoms
    Atoms of different elements are different
    Atoms of the same element are exactly alike
    Elements combine in specific proportions
    He conducted experiments in combining elements
  • Dalton

    Dalton

    All matter is composed of very small things
  • Thomson

    Thomson

    He conducted the cathode-ray tube experiment.
    His theory of the atomic structure lead to the "plum pudding" model.
    There are small, negatively charged particles inside an atom.
  • Thomson

    Thomson

    The atom was a sphere embedded with electrons. The sphere had positive positive charges throughout it and negatively charged particles were also scattered across this model.
  • Rutherford

    Rutherford

    Atoms contain mostly empty space
    Electrons move in empty space in the atom
    He conducted the gold foil experiment
    Most of an atom's mass is in the nucleus
  • Rutherford

    Rutherford

    The electrons were embedded in a positively charged atom like plums in a pudding.
  • Bohr

    Bohr

    Electrons jump between levels from path to path
    Electrons travel in definite paths
  • Bohr

    Bohr

    The electrons could only orbit the nucleus in certain special orbits at different energy levels around the nucleus.
  • Schrodinger and Heisenberg

    Schrodinger and Heisenberg

    Electrons are found in electron clouds, not paths. - Both
    Electron paths cannot be predicted. - Schrodinger
  • Schrodinger and Heisenberg

    Schrodinger and Heisenberg

    The nucleus is in the middle