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Everything is composed of atoms, which are physically, but not geometrically; indivisible. Atoms are instructable, in motion, and infinite number of atoms
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Atomic Theory: matter is made up of atoms that are indivisible and indestructible.
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Used a method for tracking particle radiation and knocked the protons out of the nucleus. The nucleus still had mass, finding that neutrons exists.
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discovered electrons by experimenting with cathode ray. cathode rays were negatively charged. studied positively charged particles in neon gas.
proposed plum pudding model -
Oil Drop Experiment: determined size of the charge on an electron. Determined there was a smallest unit charge or a charge that is quantized.
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overturned Thomson's model. Gold foil experiment: demonstrated that the atom has a tiny, heavy nucleus.
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Quantum Theory: energy is transferred only in certain well defined quantum. Electrons should only move around the nucleus in a prescribed orbit.