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Establishment of Peoples Republic of China
(PRC) Worlds most populous country with a population over 1.3 billion. It is governed by the Communist Party of China. -
Assasination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria & his wife Sophie were shot dead in Sarajevo on JUne 28 1914. The objective of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary's south-Slav provinces so that they could be combined into a Greater Serbia or a Yugoslavia. THis also sparked the outbreak of World War I, which was one month later. -
Gallipoli Campaign
or Dardanelles Campaign, took place in the Ottoman empire during the first World War. It was a major fail by the allies with many casualties such as 251,000, 60% rate. -
japan makes 21 demands china
Set of demands made by Empire of Japan, The demands were far more negative than positive. The 21 demands were seperated into 5 groups -
german resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare
One of the key reasons why the U.S got involved in the conflict of World War II. The U-Boat campaign was German U-Boats against the trade routes of the entente powers. -
Bolshevik Revolution
The Bolshevik Revolution, also know as the October Revolution, was a political revolution and part of the Russian Revolution. It overthrew the Russian Provisional Government & gave power to soviets that were dominated by Bolsheviks. Success of the Revolution transformed the Russian state from parliamentarian to socialist. -
Civil War in Russia
Was a multi-party war in the Russian Empire fought between the Bolshevik Red Army and the White Army
The Red Army defeated the White army
-At least 2,500,000 dead & 3,500,000 wounded
0840 Baltic German volunteers and Freikorps dead,
3,000 wounded
2,000 Ottoman army all causes -
Treaty of brest-litovsk
peace treaty between russia and the central powers marking the exit of Russia from WWI. it provided relief to the bolsheviks who had been tied up fighting the russian civil war -
lenin's economic policy
The first policy was War Communism, it aimed to support the civil war that Russia had been fighting. That meant nationalizing food supply and industry
the next policy was called the NEP, it encouraged the recovery of the economy. -
mussolini launches fascist movement
mussolini launched fascism which is a community where everyone is united as one in national identitiy, connections of culture, ancestry, blood, discipline and etc. it promotes political violence & war -
paris peace conference
it negotiated the treaties ending world war I to set peace terms for the central powers who were defeated. -
First meeting of League of Nations.
League of Nations first met in 1920. there were forty-two nations present. operated through three agencies: the Assembly, the Council, and the Secretariat -
Ataturk proclaims Republic of Turkey
Series of legal,political, social, cultural & economic policy changes that were designed to change the new Republic of Turkey into a secular nation-state. They began with modernizing the constitution & adapting European laws. -
Fisrt Soviet 5 year plan
Stalin created economic goals to industrialize within 5 years. it also focused on the military and financial self-sufficiency. Stalin created collective farming systems that stretched over thousands of acres of land with hundreds of peasants working on them. it destroyed kulaks as a class. -
US stock market crash
most devastating stock market crash in the us history. it marjed the beginning of the 10-year great depression and did not end until 1947. -
Civil disobedience movement in India
Indian independence movement was an area of political philosophies,organizations, & movements which had the aim of ending British East India Company rule, then British imperial authority, -
japanese invasion of manchuria
began when Manchuria was invaded by the Kwantung army of the empire of japan, following the Mukden incident, So the Japanese created a puppet state called Manchuko and occupied it until the end of WWII -
hitler becomes ruler in germany
Racism had been a big deal of society in Nazi Germany. Liberal, social. and communist opposition had been persecuted and murdered, including Jews. -
Sandino is murdered in Nicaragua
he was a revolutionary leader against the U.S military occupation of Nicaragua.
assassinated in 1934 by Gen. Anastasio Somoza García, who later seized power, and established a family dynasty that ruled for 40 years. -
long march by chinese communist
military retreat by the red army, various communist armies in the south escaped to north & west. the most well known was the march from Jiangxi. it gained Mao Zedong support and his leadership ascended. -
stalins great purge in ussr
campaigns of political repression and persecution under joseph stalin
sweep away all of Stalin's real and imaginary enemies -
invasion of China by Japan
The Nanking massacre was a mass war rape and murder that occured during a six-week period. hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians & soldiers were murdered by soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army -
German Anschluss with Austria
occupation and annexation of Austria into Germany in 1938. transferred power to Germany, &the Wehrmacht troops entered Austria to enforce the Anschluss. -
Cardenas nationalizes oil industry in mexico
-The expropriation of all oil reserves, facilities, and foreign oil companies in Mexico in 1938. General Cárdenas stated that all oil reserves & minerals found within Mexico belong to the nation. This later caused an international boycott of Mexican products in later years, especially by the U.S, the U.K & the Netherlands. -
Invasion of Poland by Germany.
Germany invaded Poland, marked the beginning or WWII.
904,000 total casualties in Poland -
German invasion of USSR
The code name was Operation Babarossa during the second World War. more than 3.9 million troops of the Axis powers invaded the USSR. Largest invasion in the history of Warfare. 600,000 motor vehicles and 750,000 horses involved. Invasion driven by Adolf Hitler. -
soviet victory at stalingrad
Germans surrendered at Stalingrad February 1943, it was the turning point of wwII. Hitler had no hope of winning on the eastern front. the soviets lost a million people. -
D-Day, Allied invasion of Normandy
D-Day was the term used for the day of the actual landiing. It was the operation of the Allied invasion of Normandsy in Word War II.
Estimated between 4,000 and 9,000 casualties. -
Establishment of United Nations
(UN) Its aims are human rights, Acheivment of World Peace & etc. It replaced League of Nations, to help stop wars inbetween countries. -
Capture of Berlin by Soviet forces.
It was the final major offensive of the European Theatre of World War II. Two Soviet army groups attacked Berlin from the east & south, while a 3rd overran German forces north of Berlin. The Battle in Berlin lasted from April 20 1945 until the morning of May 2. -
Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagaski
The allies of World War II conducted two atomic bombings against the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima in Japan during the last stages of World War II in 1945 on August 6-9.
90,000–166,000 killed in Hiroshima.
60,000–80,000 killed in Nagasaki. -
partition of India
partition of british india. it was set forth in th eIndian Independence Act 1947. resulted in struggle between new states of pakistan & displaced about 12.5 million people in the empire, loss of life was from about several hundred to a million. -
Arab-Israeli War
Know to the Israeli's: War of Independence .Fought between the State of Israel and Arab states and Palestinian Arab forces.The war ended with the 1949 Armistice Agreements, which created the Armistice Demarcation Lines, also known as the Green Line,used to mark the line between Israel and the territories captured in the Six-Day War(1948-1949) -
Creation of Israel
Israel was declared independent on May 14, 1948. The Independence was marked by immigration of Jews due to wars with neighbor Arab states. And since about 1970 the US has been an ally of Israel. -
Apatheid in South America
Racial segregation that was enforced by the National Party governments of South Africa between 19481-994, Seperated into four racial groups :native, white, coloured, &Asian. It sparked violence &internal resistance as well as trade embargo against South Africa and long arms. (1948-1994) -
Establishment of NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Orginization is a military alliance, its member states agree to defend in response to anm attack by another party. The warsaw pact was created in response to this during the Cold War. -
Division of Berlin and Germany
division between West Berlin & East Germany, it was also symbolic boundry between communism and democracy in the cold war.. the Allied powers seperated Germany into 4 gzones, each occupied by either the U.S, Great Britain, france or Soviet Union. Same with Berlin. -
Korean War
War between Republic of Kore, which was supported by the U.S, and Democratic People's Republic of Korea. It was the consequence of the political divisin of Korea after WWll. Failure to hold free elections throught the Korean peninsula deepened the division between the communist North and Capitalist South. (38th Parallel)
Casualties:
civilians killed/wounded: 2.5 million
South Korea: 990,968
North Korea: 1,550,000 -
Algerian war of Liberation
important decolonization war, Algeria gained it's independence from France, Characterized by guerrilla warfare, maquis fighting, terrorism against civilians, use of torture on both sides, & counter-terrorism operations by the French Army. (1954-1962) -
Establishment of Warsaw Pact
Defense treaty between eight communist states in Eastern Europe during the Cold War. It was a response to NATO. -
us troops in vietnam
cold war era, fought between north vietnam and south vietnam
USA:
58,220 dead 303,644 wounded -
suez crisis
U.S, the Soviet Union & the UN playing roles in forcing Britain, France and Israel to withdraw.
Egyptian and Soviet political victory israel:
177 killed,899 wounded, 4 captured United Kingdom:16 killed,96 wounded
France:10 killed,33 wounded -
uprisings in hungary
-revolt against the government of the peoples republic of hungary & its soviet imposed policies. it attracted thousands to join into a march through centrak Budapest -
great leap forward in china
aimed to use Chinas great population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through rapid industrialization & collectivization. it was led by Mao Zedong. it ended in millions of deaths. terror and violence were the foundation. -
Castro comes to power in Cuba
On February 16, 1959, Castro was sworn as Prime Minister of Cuba.
-communist -
French defeat at Dien Bien Phu
The battle had occcured between March and May 1954. This defeat had influenced negotioations all over the future of Indochina. A historian wrote that it was the first time a non-european colonial independence movement evolved from guerilla bands to an orginized army that defeated a modern western occupier. -
sino soviet rift
worsening of political relation inbetween the PCR and USSR during the cold war. -
Construction of Berlin Wall
It cut off west Berlin from east Germany & berlin. The wall was built to protect the population from fascist elements. It prevented the massive emigration and defection that had marked Germany & communist Easternn Bloc during the World War II period. -
Creation of PLO
Palistine Liberation Orginization. It is recognized as "sole legitimate representative of the Palestine people." -
revolution in iraq
-overthrew Irans monarchy under Shah Mohammad RE\a Pahlavi -
Iran-Iraq War
First persian gulf war. conflict between Iran and Iraq lasting 8 years. It began when Iraq invaded Iran, launching an invasion by land and air into the Iranian territory.
Economic loss of more than US$500 billion
400,000 - 900,000 soldiers, militia, and civilians killed or wounded -
soviet withdraw from afghanistan
soviet war in afghanistan was a proxy war in the cold war..the final troop withdraw started on may 15 1988 and ended a year later. -
persian gulf war
1990-1991 1st Gulf War, Gulf War I, or the Iraq War, The invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi troops that began 2 August 1990 -
reunification of germany
when the German Deomocratic joined the Frederal Republic of Germany & when Berlin had finally been reunited into a single city. They referred to it as the Turning point. -
Collapse of USSR
The collapse of the Soviet Union marked the end of te Cold War. It left 15 republics of the soviet union as independent states. -
Transfer of Hong Kong to China
reffered to as the handover
or the reunification
marked end of british rule, and transfer of sovereignty to china
