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The Archaic period of Greek art was the start of everything that would become Greek culture. The art in its earliest forms still had so much room to grow in terms of what it means to be Greek.
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The major civilization to inhabit the land that would soon become the Roman Empire. They shared many overlapping traits with the Greeks and exerted significant influence on the Romans.
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The Bucchero style of Etruscan art was a pottery form of all black pots. These pots were. They were often inscribed with phrases that, unfortunately, could not be read.
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The Kouros statues were votive, like Funerary statues that were an iconic piece from the Archaic era. They were always nude except for a headdress and necklace that showed their status.
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The Sarcophagus of the Spouses was a great Etruscan sculpture that gave great insight into the culture of the Etruscans. It showed that men and women were in equal standing in Etruscan society, and even the royalty followed this.
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Philosophical and artistic fundamentals are expanded upon in this period. The Archaic smile representing the blessing of the gods is replaced with the Severe style face, with a lack of emotions, instead of a large smile. Other fundamentals are presented, like the canon of proportions.
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High Classical Greece, or the Greek Golden Age. An artistic boom in the culture of Greece, where even the Parthenon was being reconstructed.
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The famous Greek Temple dedicated to Athena. The temple itself has had a tumultuous history, with Persian destruction and subsequent rebuilding over the years.
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The piece of Nike adjusting her sandal is a very unique showing of Nike; she is incredibly off balance compared to most Greek pieces. Her clothes are also very tightly sculpted to her body, being very detailed.
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The period following the pinnacle of Greek Art, where Alexander the Great would start his conquest. Much of the art of the time had been influenced by his military campaigns.
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The era of Greek culture spreading throughout the Mediterranean.
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The dying Gaul was a great example of Hellenistic Humanism being shown through Greek art. Defeated enemies are shown with dignity, bravery, and heroism.
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Nike symbolized victory wherever she was, and the emphasis on victory must have been even greater during the Hellenistic period. With this specific piece supposed to be at the mantle of a ship, it's clear what the message of the piece was.