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The Congress of Vienna was a conference held in Vienna, Austria, from 1814 to 1815 to reorganize Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. The European powers met to establish a new balance of power and restore monarchies. -
U.S. foreign policy that declared the Western Hemisphere off-limits to further European colonization and warned against European interference in America. -
The First Opium War broke out in 1839. It is called the 'Opium War' because of one of its major causes: the British were smuggling opium from their Indian colonies into Chinese ports against the wishes of the Chinese government. -
Revolutions of 1848, series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. They all ended in failure and repression and were followed by widespread disillusionment among liberals.
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A conflict fought between the Union and the Confederate States of America from 1861 to 1865. The main cause was the disagreement over slavery, with the South's economy deeply dependent on it and the North moving towards abolition. The war resulted in a Union victory, the abolition of slavery throughout the United States, and the preservation of the nation.
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The Dominion of Canada was created on July 1, 1867, when the British North America Act united the British North American provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Province of Canada into a self-governing dominion.
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Restored imperial rule and ended the feudal shogunate. It was important because it started a big and fast process of modernization
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Caused by economic hardship from foreign interference, natural disasters, and a longing of nationalism and resentment towards Western and Japanese imperialism -
The canal's opening significantly reduced seafaring travel distances between Europe and the Indian Ocean, boosting global trade and altering strategic importance. -
The unification of Germany was a process that led to the creation of the German Empire in 1871, a single nation-state for the German people that excluded Austria.
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Regulated European colonization and trade in Africa, formalizing the Scramble for Africa. It set rules for claiming territory on the continent and free trade. -
Founded on July 14, 1889, Paris. It was an organization of socialist and labor parties that aimed to promote international working-class solidarity and collective action. The organization was formed during the Paris Congress, on the 100th anniversary of the storming of the Bastille, and continued the work of the earlier, dissolved First International.