Waves of Time - Educational Technology

Timeline created by lauramae in Science and Technology
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Event Date: Event Title: Event Description:
Purple_tiny 01/01/1900 Max Planck - Energy Theory German physicist Max Planck formulates an energy theory, postulating the existence of "quanta," which lays the groundwork for the quantum theory of modern physics. Information Please: 1900
Ye_tiny 01/01/1900 Floradora Floradora opens at Broadway's Casino Theatre. It introduces the Floradora sextet, a predecessor to the chorus line Information Please: 1900
Red_tiny 01/01/1900 Association of American Universities The Association of American Universities is founded to promote higher standards and put U.S. universities on an equal footing with their European counterparts. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1901 McKinley Shot As President McKinley begins his second term, he is fatally shot by anarchist Leon Czolgosz (Sept. 6). Theodore Roosevelt is sworn in as successor after McKinley dies on Sept. 14. Information Please: 1901
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1901 United States Steel Co J.P. Morgan creates the United States Steel Co., which will become the first $1 billion corporation in the world Information Please: 1901
Purple_tiny 01/01/1901 Wireless Signals Guglielmo Marconi successfully receives wireless signals transmitted from England to Newfoundland Information Please: 1901
Red_tiny 01/01/1901 Joliet Junior College Joliet Junior College, in Joliet, Illinois, opens. It is the first public community college in the U.S. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1902 Bureau of the Census Bureau of the Census is established; it later becomes part of the Department of Commerce. Information Please: 1902
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1902 United Mine Workers strike Approximately 150 thousand United Mine Workers strike in Pennsylvania for a wage increase and more suitable hours Information Please: 1902
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1903 Ford Motor Company Henry Ford organizes Ford Motor Company. Information Please: 1903
Ye_tiny 01/01/1903 First transcontinental automobile trip The first transcontinental trip by automobile--San Francisco to New York in 52 days. Information Please: 1903
Purple_tiny 01/01/1903 Wright Brothers' First Flight The Wright brothers make aviation history with their first flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Information Please: 1903
Ye_tiny 01/01/1904 New York Subway New York City subway opens. Information Please: 1904
Purple_tiny 01/01/1904 Telephone Answering Machine and Flat-disk Phonograph A telephone answering machine is invented. The first flat-disk phonograph is introduced. Information Please: 1904
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1905 Industrial Workers of the World Industrial Workers of the World is founded in Chicago with the hopes of uniting all workers and giving more control to unions. Information Please: 1905
Ye_tiny 01/01/1905 First Movie Theater The first movie theater opens in Pittsburgh. Information Please: 1905
Purple_tiny 01/01/1905 Theory of Relativity Albert Einstein proposes the Theory of Relativity Information Please: 1905
Red_tiny 01/01/1905 Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching is founded. It is charted by an act of Congress in 1906, the same year the Foundation encouraged the adoption of a standard system for equating "seat time" (the amount of time spent in a class) to high school credits. Still in use today, this system came to be called the "Carnegie Unit." Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/1905 Binet-Simon Scale Alfred Binet's article, "New Methods for the Diagnosis of the Intellectual Level of Subnormals," is published in France. It describes his work with Theodore Simon in the development of a measurement instrument that would identify students with mental retardation. The Binet-Simon Scale, as it is called, is an effective means of measuring intelligence. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Purple_tiny 01/01/1906 Wireless Telephony Reginald Fessenden invents wireless telephony, a means for radio waves to carry signals a significant distance. Information Please: 1906
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1907 Fall of Stock Market Fall of the stock market sparks financial panic across the U.S Information Please: 1907
Orange_tiny 01/01/1908 National Conservation Commission President Roosevelt holds White House Conservation Conference, which leads to establishment of the National Conservation Commission. Information Please: 1908
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1908 Model T Automobile Henry Ford develops the first Model T automobile, which sells for $850. Information Please: 1908
Red_tiny 01/01/1909 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is founded by prominent black and white intellectuals and led by W. E. B. Du Bois. Information Please: 1909
Red_tiny 01/01/1909 First Female Superintendent Educational reformer Ella Flagg Young becomes superintendent of the Chicago Public Schools. She is the first female superintendent of a large city school system. One year later she is elected president of the National Education Association. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Ye_tiny 01/01/1910 Boy Scouts Boy Scouts of America is incorporated Information Please: 1910
Ye_tiny 01/01/1910 Angel Island - Immigration Center for Asians Angel Island, in San Francisco Bay, becomes immigration center for Asians entering U.S. Information Please: 1910
Purple_tiny 01/01/1910 Kinetophone Thomas Edison introduces his kinetophone, which makes talkies a reality. Information Please: 1910
Orange_tiny 01/01/1911 Sherman Antitrust Act Violations Supreme Court finds Standard Oil Company (May 15) and American Tobacco Company (May 29) to be in violation of Sherman Antitrust Act. Information Please: 1911
Red_tiny 01/01/1911 First Montessori School in US The first Montessori school in the U.S. opens in Tarrytown, New York. Two years later (1913), Maria Montessori visits the U.S., and Alexander Graham Bell and his wife Mabel found the Montessori Educational Association at their Washington, DC, home Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1912 President Wilson Woodrow Wilson is elected president Information Please: 1912
Ye_tiny 01/01/1912 Girl Scouts of America Girl Scouts of America founded by Juliette Gordon Low. Information Please: 1912
Orange_tiny 01/01/1913 Suffragettes Demonstrate Suffragettes demonstrate in London and Washington, D.C. Information Please: 1913
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1913 First Moving Assembly Line Henry Ford develops the first moving assembly line. Information Please: 1913
Red_tiny 01/01/1913 Thordike's book, Educational Psychology Edward Lee Thorndike's book, Educational Psychology: The Psychology of Learning, is published. It describes his theory that human learning involves habit formation, or connections between stimuli (or situations as Thorndike preferred to call them) and responses (Connectionism). He believes that such connections are strengthened by repetition ("Law of Exercise") and achieving satisfying consequences ("Law of Effect"). Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1914 World War I Begins World War I begins: Austria declares war on Serbia; Germany on Russia and France; Britain on Germany. Information Please: 1914
Orange_tiny 01/01/1914 Federal Trade Commission Congress sets up Federal Trade Commission, passes Clayton Antitrust Act. Information Please: 1914
Red_tiny 01/01/1914 Smith-Lever Act The Smith-Lever Act establishes a system of cooperative extension services connected to land grant universities and provides federal funds for extension activities. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1915 One Millionth Ford The one millionth Ford automobile rolls off the assembly line. Information Please: 1915
Ye_tiny 01/01/1916 First Birth Control Clinic Margaret Sanger opens the first birth control clinic in the country at 46 Amboy St., Brooklyn. Information Please: 1916
Ye_tiny 01/01/1916 Charlie Chaplin Charlie Chaplin signs on with Mutual Studios and earns an unprecedented $10,000 a week. Information Please: 1916
Purple_tiny 01/01/1916 Theory of Relativity Albert Einstein completes his mathematical formulation of a general theory of relativity, which includes gravity. Information Please: 1916
Red_tiny 01/01/1916 Democracy and Education. John Dewey's Democracy and Education. An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education is published. Dewey's views help advance the ideas of the "progressive education movement."
Red_tiny 01/01/1916 Bureau of Educational Experiments The Bureau of Educational Experiments is founded in New York City by Lucy Sprague Mitchell with the purpose of studying child development and children's learning. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1919 Versailles Treaty Versailles Treaty, incorporating Woodrow Wilson's draft Covenant of League of Nations, signed by Allies and Germany; rejected by U.S. Senate. Information Please: 1919
Ye_tiny 01/01/1919 Prohibition 18th Amendment (Prohibition) adopted. Information Please: 1919
Ye_tiny 01/01/1919 Jazz establishes Chicago as its Capital After moving from its southern rural roots, jazz establishes Chicago as its capital. The city will become home to such jazz greats as trumpeter Louis Armstrong and pianist Jelly Roll Morton. Information Please: 1919
Ye_tiny 01/01/1919 United Artists Charlie Chaplin, D.W. Griffith, Douglas Fairbanks, and Mary Pickford establish United Artists in an attempt to control their own work. Information Please: 1919
Purple_tiny 01/01/1919 Dial Telephones Dial telephones are introduced by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. Information Please: 1919
Purple_tiny 01/01/1919 Theory of Relativity Confirmed Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity is confirmed when the Royal Astronomical Society sees the predicted effect during a solar eclipse. Information Please: 1919
Red_tiny 01/01/1919 Transportation for All Children All states have laws providing funds for transporting children to school. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1920 Red Hunt U.S. Dept. of Justice "red hunt" nets thousands of radicals; aliens deported. Information Please: 1920
Orange_tiny 01/01/1920 19th Ammendment Ratified Women's suffrage (19th) amendment ratified. Information Please: 1920
Ye_tiny 01/01/1920 First Commercial Radio Broadcast KDKA, a Pittsburgh Westinghouse station, transmits the first commercial radio broadcast. Information Please: 1920
Ye_tiny 01/01/1920 Harlem Ranaissance Rising popular interest in African-American literature sparks the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance. Information Please: 1920
Ye_tiny 01/01/1920 Speakeasies Speakeasies replace saloons as the center of social activity. Information Please: 1920
Purple_tiny 01/01/1920 Neutron American chemist William Draper Harkins postulates the existence of a subatomic particle, the neutron, a heavy particle of no electric charge. Information Please: 1920
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1920 Eddie Bauer Eddie Bauer's Tennis Shop opens; name soon changes to Eddie Bauer's Sports Shop. Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 01/01/1921 Bureau of Budget Congress passes Budget and Accounting Act, which creates the Bureau of Budget Information Please: 1921
Orange_tiny 01/01/1921 WWI ends U.S. Congress, in a joint resolution, declares WWI ended (July 2) Information Please: 1921
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1922 Coal Miners Strike Coal miners strike for nearly six months to protest wage cuts. The strike, one of several organized by the United Mine Workers of America since 1919, cripples the coal mining industry. Information Please: 1922
Ye_tiny 01/01/1922 Ulysses James Joyce's Ulysses published. The U.S. Post Office destroys 500 copies of the novel. Information Please: 1922
Ye_tiny 01/01/1922 Play introduces the word"Robot" Karel Capek's play R.U.R. debuts, introducing the word "robot." Information Please: 1922
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1922 Time, Inc. Henry Luce forms Time, Inc. Timeline for American Business
Ye_tiny 01/01/1923 2nd Ku Klux Klan Movement The second Ku Klux Klan movement in U.S. history grows, stirring widespread controversy and violence. Information Please: 1923
Purple_tiny 01/01/1923 Iconoscope Russian immigrant Vladimir Kosma Zworykin patents the iconoscope, the first television transmission tube. He patents the first color tube in 1925 Information Please: 1923
Ye_tiny 01/01/1923 Harlem's Cotton Club Harlem's Cotton Club opens and presents all-black performances to white-only audiences. Entertainers will include Lena Horne, the Nicholas Brothers, and Cab Calloway. Information Please: 1923
Purple_tiny 01/01/1923 Truth Serum Scopolamine, previously used as a childbirth anesthetic, is found to act as a "truth" serum after tests on convicts at San Quentin Prison. Information Please: 1923
Ye_tiny 01/01/1924 Alice's Wonderland Walt Disney creates his first cartoon, "Alice's Wonderland." Information Please: 1924
Red_tiny 01/01/1924 Gestalt Theory Max Wertheimer describes the principles of Gestalt Theory to the Kant Society in Berlin. Gestalt Theory, with its emphasis on learning through insight and grasping the whole concept, becomes important later in the 20th Century in the development of cognitive views of learning and teaching. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1925 First Female Governor Nellie Tayloe Ross takes office as governor of Wyoming (Jan. 5). She is the first woman governor in U.S. history. Information Please: 1925
Red_tiny 01/01/1925 Teacher Arrested for Teaching Theory of Evolution Tennessee schoolteacher John T. Scopes is arrested (May 5) for teaching the theory of evolution, forbidden by state law. Information Please: 1925
Ye_tiny 01/01/1925 Al Capone Al Capone takes over the Chicago bootlegging racket. Information Please: 1925
Purple_tiny 01/01/1925 First Television Image John Baird transmits the first television image in London. Information Please: 1925
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1926 NBC Established RCA, General Electric and Westinghouse establish NBC, which operates two national radio networks. Information Please: 1926
Purple_tiny 01/01/1926 First Liquid Fuel Rocket Robert Goddard fires the first liquid fuel rocket. Information Please: 1926
Purple_tiny 01/01/1926 Antifreeze Auto antifreeze allows people to use cars year-round. Information Please: 1926
Ye_tiny 01/01/1927 First Nonstop Solo Transatlantic Flight Charles Lindbergh makes the first nonstop solo transatlantic flight. Information Please: 1927
Purple_tiny 01/01/1927 First All-Electronic Television Philo T. Farnsworth demonstrates the first all-electronic television Information Please: 1927
Purple_tiny 01/01/1927 Big Bang Theory Belgian astrophysicist Georges Lemaitre proposes the big bang theory Information Please: 1927
Ye_tiny 01/01/1928 First Television Sold The first television is sold -- a Daven for $75. Information Please: 1928
Orange_tiny 01/01/1928 President Hoover U.S. voters elect Herbert Hoover president (Nov. 6) over Alfred E. Smith, governor of New York Information Please: 1928
Red_tiny 01/01/1929 Piaget - The Child's Conception of the World Jean Piaget's The Child's Conception of the World is published. His theory of cognitive development becomes an important influence in American developmental psychology and education. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Ye_tiny 01/01/1929 Great Depression The Great Depression begins with the stock market crash in October. The U.S. economy is devastated. Public education funding suffers greatly, resulting in school closings, teacher layoffs, and lower salaries. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Ye_tiny 01/01/1929 CBS CBS is founded by William S. Paley Information Please: 1929
Ye_tiny 01/01/1930 Code of Decency for FIlms As head of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America, William Hays establishes a code of decency that outlines what is acceptable in films Information Please: 1930
Purple_tiny 01/01/1930 First Analog Computer Vannevar Bush builds "differential analyzer"--first analog computer Information Please: 1930
Ye_tiny 01/01/1931 Frigidaire General Motors's Frigidaire makes refrigerators safe for household use Information Please: 1931
Orange_tiny 01/01/1932 FDR Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected president and begins bold efforts to initiate his New Deal and spur economic recovery. His wife, Eleanor, becomes a champion of human rights and forever transforms the role of American First Lady. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Ye_tiny 01/01/1932 Amelia Earhart First Woman Fly Atlantic Solo Amelia Earhart is first woman to fly Atlantic solo (May 20-21). Information Please: 1932
Ye_tiny 01/01/1932 Radio City Music Hall Manhattan's Radio City Music Hall opens. Information Please: 1932
Purple_tiny 01/01/1933 Frequency Modulation (FM) Edwin Armstrong introduces frequency modulation (FM), a static-free method of transmission. Information Please: 1933
Orange_tiny 01/01/1934 Federal Communications Commission Federal Communications Commission is established to regulate communications. Information Please: 1934
Orange_tiny 01/01/1935 Works Progress Adminstration Congress authorizes the Works Progress Administration. Its purpose is to put the unemployed to work on public projects, including the construction of hundreds of school buildings. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1935 Second Phase of New Deal Roosevelt opens second phase of New Deal in U.S., calling for social security, better housing, equitable taxation, and farm assistance Information Please: 1935
Ye_tiny 01/01/1936 BBC The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) debuts the world's first television service with three hours of programming a day. Information Please: 1936
Purple_tiny 01/01/1936 First Artificial Heart Alexis Carrel and Charles Lindbergh develop the first artificial heart. Information Please: 1936
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1936 United Auto Workers Strike The United Auto Workers stage their first sit-down strike. Timeline of American Business
Purple_tiny 01/01/1938 Ballpoint Pen Ladislas Biro and his brother Georg patent the ballpoint pen. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Ye_tiny 01/01/1938 Orson Wells Broadcasts War of the Worlds Adaptation Orson Welles broadcasts his adaptation of H.G. Wells's War of the Worlds, creating a nationwide panic as listeners believe that aliens have landed in New Jersey Information Please: 1938
Purple_tiny 01/01/1938 First Xerographic Print Chester F. Carlson produces the first xerographic print. Information Please: 1938
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1938 Earl S. Tupper Company Earl Tupper forms the Earl S. Tupper Company (later Tupperware, Inc.) to create industrial plastics. Timeline of American Business
Ye_tiny 01/01/1939 Gone with the Wind Premieres The big-screen adaptation of Gone with the Wind premieres, and will go on to gross $192 million, making it one of the most profitable films of all time. It's also one of the longest films, clocking in at 231 minutes. Information Please: 1939
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1939 Hewlett-Packard David Packard and William Hewlett form Hewlett-Packard to sell the audio oscillator they invented. Timeline of American Business
Ye_tiny 01/01/1940 First McDonalds The first McDonald's hamburger stand opens in Pasadena, Calif. Information Please: 1940
Ye_tiny 01/01/1940 WNBT - First Regular TV Station WNBT, the first regularly operating television station, debuts in New York with an estimated 10,000 viewers. Information Please: 1940
Orange_tiny 01/01/1941 WWII The U.S. enters World War II after the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on December 7. During the next four years, much of the country's resources go to the war effort. Education is put on the back burner as many young men quit school to enlist; schools are faced with personnel problems as teachers and other employees enlist, are drafted, or leave to work in defense plants; school construction is put on hold. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Purple_tiny 01/01/1942 Radar Radar comes into operational use. Information Please: 1942
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1942 Car Companies Convert to Military Production All Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors plants convert to military production Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 11/01/1942 Relocation Centers for Japanese More than 120,000 Japanese and persons of Japanese ancestry living in western U.S. moved to "relocation centers," some for the duration of the war Information Please: 1942
Purple_tiny 01/01/1944 First Automatic Digital Computer Scientists at Harvard University construct the first automatic, general-purpose digital computer. Information Please: 1944
Orange_tiny 01/01/1945 WWII Ends World War II ends on August 15 (VJ Day) with victory over Japan. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Purple_tiny 01/01/1945 First Atomic Bomb Tested Manhattan Project tests first atomic bomb in Alamogordo, New Mexico Information Please: 1945
Ye_tiny 01/01/1945 FCC Creates Commercial Broadcasting Spectrum The FCC creates the commercial broadcasting spectrum of 13 channels, and receives 130 applications for broadcast licenses Information Please: 1945
Purple_tiny 01/01/1945 ENIAC - First All-Electronic Computer ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator), the first all-electronic computer, completed. Information Please: 1945
Red_tiny 01/01/1946 Brown vs. Board of Education In the landmark court case of Mendez vs. Westminster and the California Board of Education, the U. S. District Court in Los Angeles rules that educating children of Mexican descent in separate facilities is unconstitutional, thus prohibiting segregation in California schools and setting an important precedent for Brown vs. Board of Education. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/1946 Computer Age Begins The computer age begins as the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC), the first vacuum-tube computer, is built for the U.S. military by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/1946 National School Lunch Act Recognizing "the need for a permanent legislative basis for a school lunch program," the 79th Congress approves the National School Lunch Act. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Purple_tiny 01/01/1946 Radar Contact with Moon The US Army makes radar contact with the moon for the first time Information Please: 1946
Purple_tiny 01/01/1947 Microwave Invented The microwave oven is invented by Percy Spencer Information Please: 1947
Ye_tiny 01/01/1948 International Planned Parenthood Federation Margaret Sanger founds the International Planned Parenthood Federation Information Please: 1948
Purple_tiny 01/01/1948 Big Bang Theory George A. Gamow puts forth the "Big Bang" theory to explain the origin of the universe. Information Please: 1948
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1948 Tupperware Parties Earl Tupper meets Brownie Wise, a sales representative for Stanley Home Products, who launches the concept of the Tupperware party. Timeline of American Business
Ye_tiny 01/01/1949 Cable Television Debuts Cable television debuts, bringing better reception to rural areas where the conventional television signal is weak. Information Please: 1949
Ye_tiny 01/01/1950 Saturday Morning Children's Programming Saturday morning children's programming begins. Information Please: 1950
Purple_tiny 01/01/1950 First Xerox Machine The first Xerox machine is produced Informatioin Please: 1950
Ye_tiny 01/01/1951 First Oral Contraceptive Gregory Pincus, Min Chuch Chang, John Rock, and Carl Djerassi develop the first oral contraceptive Information Please: 1951
Purple_tiny 01/01/1951 UNIVAC UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer), the first business computer to handle both numeric and alphabetic data, is introduced. Information Please: 1951
Purple_tiny 01/01/1952 Integrated Circuit G.W.A. Dummer (England) proposes the theoretical basis for the integrated circuit. Information Please: 1952
Red_tiny 01/01/1953 Skinner - Science and Human Behavior Burrhus Frederic (B.F.) Skinner's Science and Human Behavior is published. His form of behaviorism (operant conditioning), which emphasizes changes in behavior due to reinforcement, becomes widely accepted and influences many aspects of American education Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Ye_tiny 01/01/1953 Charlie Chaplin Leaves US Alleged Communist Charlie Chaplin leaves U.S. for good. Justice Dept. warns him any attempt to reenter the country will be challenged Information Please: 1953
Orange_tiny 01/01/1953 President Eisenhower Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower inaugurated President of United States Information Please: 1953
Ye_tiny 01/01/1955 Civil Rights Movement Rosa Parks, a Montgomery, Alabama seamstress, refuses to give up her seat on the bus to a Caucasian passenger and is subsequently arrested and fined. The Montgomery bus boycott follows, giving impetus to the Civil Rights Movement. A year later, in the case of Browder v. Gale, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that segregated seating on buses unconstitutional Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/1956 Bloom's Taxonomy The Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Cassification of Educational Goals; Handbook I: Cognitive Domain is published. Often referred to simply as “Bloom’s Taxonomy” because of its primary author, Benjamin S. Bloom, the document actually has four coauthors . Still widely used today, Bloom’s Taxonomy divides the cognitive domain into six levels. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Ye_tiny 01/01/1957 Ideal American depicted through Leave it To Beaver Leave It to Beaver premieres on CBS, ushering in an era of television shows that depict the ideal American. Information Please: 1957
Red_tiny 01/01/1957 Enforced Integration Federal troops enforce integration in Little Rock, Arkansas as the Little Rock 9 enroll at Central High School. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/1957 Sputnik The Soviet Union launches Sputnik, the first satellite to orbit the Earth. Occurring in the midst of the Cold War, it represents both a potential threat to American national security as well as a blow to national pride.Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Ye_tiny 01/01/1957 West Side Story Brings Violence to the Stage Leonard Bernstein's West Side Story debuts on Broadway and brings violence to the stage Information Please: 1957
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1957 First Japanese Car Sold in US The first Japanese car, a Toyota, is sold in the United States. Timeline of American Business
Red_tiny 01/01/1958 National Defense Education Act At least partially because of Sputnik, science and science education become important concerns in the U.S., resulting in the passage of the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) which authorizes increased funding for scientific research as well as science, mathematics, and foreign language education.Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Purple_tiny 01/01/1958 Project Mercury NASA initiates Project Mercury, aimed at putting a man in space within two years. Information Please: 1958
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1958 First Credit Card Bank of America launches the first credit card. Timeline of American Business
Purple_tiny 01/01/1959 First Integrated Circuit Jack S. Kilby of Texas Instruments (US) supervises the development of the first integrated circuit. Information Please: 1959
Purple_tiny 01/01/1959 Vanguard Satellite Launched The US Navy launches the Vanguard satellite Information Please: 1959
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1959 Tamla Motown Recrd Labels Berry Gordy launches the Tamla and Motown record labels after borrowing $800 from his family. Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 01/01/1960 JFK Defeats Nixon in Presidential Race John F. Kennedy defeats Richard Nixon in a closely-fought presidential race. Information Please: 1960
Ye_tiny 01/01/1960 TVs in Homes Ninety percent of U.S. homes have a television set. Information Please: 1960
Ye_tiny 01/01/1960 70 Million People watch Presidential Debate Seventy million people watch the presidential debate between Sen. John F. Kennedy and Vice President Richard Nixon. Information Please: 1960
Purple_tiny 01/01/1960 First Working Laser The first working laser is built by T. H. Maiman Information Please: 1960
Orange_tiny 01/01/1960 First Communications Satellite Echo I, the first communications satellite, is launched. Read more: Information Please: 1960
Purple_tiny 01/01/1960 First Weather Satellite NASA launches Tiros I, the first weather satellite. Information Please: 1960
Ye_tiny 01/01/1961 First US Astronaut First US astronaut, Navy Cmdr. Alan B. Shepard, Jr., rockets 116.5 miles up in 302-mile trip Information Please: 1961
Ye_tiny 01/01/1961 Second American Astronaut Virgil Grissom becomes second American astronaut, making 118-mile-high, 303-mile-long rocket flight over Atlantic Information Please: 1961
Ye_tiny 01/01/1961 IUD Jack Lippes develops the contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD). Information Please: 1961
Red_tiny 01/01/1962 Vygotsky - Thought and Language First published in 1934, Lev Vygotsky's book, Thought and Language is introduced to the English-speaking world. Though he lives to be only 38, Vygotsky's ideas regarding the social nature of learning provide important foundational principles for contemporary social constructivist theories. He is perhaps best known for his concept of "Zone of Proximal Development." Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/1962 No Prayer in School In the case of Engel v. Vitale, the U. S. Supreme Court rules that the state of New York's Regents prayer violates the First Amendment. The ruling specifies that "state officials may not compose an official state prayer and require that it be recited in the public schools of the State at the beginning of each school day. . . " Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Ye_tiny 01/01/1962 Transatlantic Television Transmission The first transatlantic television transmission occurs via the Telstar Satellite, making worldwide television and cable networks a reality. Information Please: 1962
Purple_tiny 01/01/1962 First American to Orbit Earth Lt. Col. John H. Glenn, Jr., is first American to orbit Earth—three times in 4 hours 55 minutes Information Please: 1962
Purple_tiny 01/01/1962 Probe Reaches Venus Mariner II, the first interplanetary probe, reaches Venus. Information Please: 1962
Purple_tiny 01/01/1962 First Industrial Robot Unimation introduces the first industrial robot. Information Please: 1962
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1962 First WalMart The first Wal-Mart store opens in Rogers, Arkansas. Timeline of American Business
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1962 First Kmart The first Kmart store opens in a suburb of Detroit, Michigan. Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 01/01/1963 JFK Assassinated President John F. Kennedy is assassinated. Schools close as the nation mourns its loss. Lyndon Johnson becomes president. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1963 I Have a Dream "March on Washington," civil rights rally held by 200,000 blacks and whites in Washington, D.C.; Martin Luther King delivers "I have a dream" speech Information Please: 1963
Orange_tiny 01/01/1964 Civil Rights Act Becomes Law The Civil Rights Act becomes law. It prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion or national origin. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Ye_tiny 01/01/1964 Bob Dylan - Social Protest with Songs Folk musician Bob Dylan becomes increasingly popular during this time of social protest with songs expressing objection to the condition of American society. Information Please: 1964
Red_tiny 01/01/1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) is passed on April 9. Part of Lyndon Johnson's "War on Poverty," it provides federal funds to help low-income students, which results in the initiation of educational programs such as Title I and bilingual education. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/1965 Project Head Start Project Head Start, a preschool education program for children from low-income families, begins as an eight-week summer program. Part of the "War on Poverty," the program continues to this day as the longest-running anti-poverty program in the U.S. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/1966 Bruner's - Toward a Theory of Instruction Jerome Bruner's Toward a Theory of Instruction is published. His views regarding learning help to popularize the cognitive learning theory as an alternative to behaviorism. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Ye_tiny 01/01/1968 MLK Assassinated Dr. Martin Luther King, Nobel Prize winner and leader of the American Civil Rights Movement, is assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4th. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday, observed on the third Monday of January, celebrates his "life and legacy."Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1968 First African American Woman in U.S. Congress Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm, an African American educator, becomes the first African American woman to be elected to the U.S. Congress. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1968 Blue Ribbon Sport's First Best-Selling shoe Blue Ribbon Sports's (later renamed Nike) first best-selling shoe, the Cortez, takes the United States by storm. Timeline of American Business
Ye_tiny 01/01/1968 Motion Picture Rating System The motion picture rating system debuts with G, PG, R and X. Information Please: 1968
Purple_tiny 01/01/1968 Apollo The successful flight of Apollo 8 makes Commander Frank Borman, Command Module Pilot James Lovell, and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders the first people to orbit the moon. Information Please: 1968
Red_tiny 01/01/1969 Kohl - The Open Classroom Herbert R. Kohl's book, The Open Classroom, helps to promote open education, an approach emphasizing student-centered classrooms and active, holistic learning. The conservative back-to-the-basics movement of the 1970s begins at least partially as a backlash against open education. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Purple_tiny 01/01/1969 ARPANET ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), the first "packet-switching" network and precursor of the internet, is created by the U.S. Defense Department. Its first message is sent October 29, at about 10:30 P.M. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1969 Dayton Hudson Corportaion The J. L. Hudson Company and the Dayton Company merge to form the Dayton Hudson Corporation. Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 01/01/1969 President Nixon Richard M. Nixon is inaugurated 37th President of the US Nixon begins "Vietnamization" in Southeast Asia Information Please: 1969
Ye_tiny 01/01/1969 Woodstock In August, more than half a million people gather in the small, upstate New York town of Bethel (near Woodstock, N.Y.) for four days of rain, sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll. Performers include Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, The Who, andmore Information Please: 1969
Ye_tiny 01/01/1969 Ban on Cigarette Advertising The FCC bans all cigarette advertising on television and radio Information Please: 1969
Purple_tiny 01/01/1969 Men on the Moon Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first humans to walk on the moon. Information Please: 1969
Purple_tiny 01/01/1969 In vitro The first in vitro fertilization of a human egg is performed in Cambridge, Information Please: 1969
Purple_tiny 01/01/1969 Foundation for Internet ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) goes online in December, connecting four major US universities. Designed for research, education, and government organizations, it is the foundation upon which the Internet will eventually be built. Information Please: 1969
Red_tiny 01/01/1970 Illich - Deschooling Society In his controversial book, Deschooling Society, Ivan Illich sharply criticizes traditional schools and calls for the end of compulsory school attendance. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/1970 Piaget - The Science of Education Jean Piaget's book, The Science of Education, is published. His Learning Cycle model helps to popularize discovery-based teaching approaches, particularly in the sciences. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1970 Vietnam War US troops invade Cambodia - Vietnam War Information Please: 1970
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1970 Introduction of Bar Codes Bar codes (computer-scanned binary signal code) are introduced for retail and industrial use in England. Information Please: 1970
Purple_tiny 01/01/1971 e-Book Invented Michael Hart, founder of Project Guttenberg, invents the e-Book Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1971 First STarbucks The first Starbucks coffee shop opens in Seattle, Washington. Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 01/01/1971 Anti-War Efforts Anti-war militants attempt to disrupt government business in Washington —police and military units arrest as many as 12,000; most are later released. Information Please: 1971
Orange_tiny 01/01/1971 Lower Voting Age Twenty-sixth Amendment to US Constitution lowers voting age to 18. Information Please: 1971
Purple_tiny 01/01/1971 Microprocessor Intel introduces the microprocessor Information Please: 1971
Orange_tiny 01/01/1972 Beginning of Watergate Scandal Five men are apprehended by police in attempt to bug Democratic National Committee headquarters in Washington, D.C.’s Watergate complex—start of the Watergate scandal Information Please: 1972
Orange_tiny 01/01/1972 Death Penalty Unconstitutional US Supreme Court rules that death penalty is unconstitutional Information Please: 1972
Ye_tiny 01/01/1972 TV and Violence in Children The National Institute of Mental Health and the surgeon general issue a report that claims exposure to violence on television fosters aggression in children. Information Please: 1972
Ye_tiny 01/01/1972 Pong Atari introduces the arcade version of Pong, the first video game. The home version comes out in 1974 Information Please: 1972
Purple_tiny 01/01/1972 Compact Disc The compact disk is developed by RCA Information Please: 1972
Purple_tiny 01/01/1972 Email Electronic mail is introduced. Queen Elizabeth will send her first email in 1976. Information Please: 1972
Purple_tiny 01/01/1972 Video Disk The video disk is introduced by Philips Company Information Please: 1972
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1973 FedEx From its hub airport in Memphis, Tennessee, FedEx begins service to twenty-five U.S. citites. Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 01/01/1973 Watergate Ends Nixon, on national TV, accepts responsibility, but not blame, for Watergate; accepts resignations of H. R. Haldeman and John D. Ehrlichman, fires John W. Dean III as counsel Information Please: 1973
Purple_tiny 01/01/1973 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is designed and in 1983 it becomes the standard for communicating between computers over the Internet. Information Please: 1973
Ye_tiny 01/01/1973 PBS Series about a Dysfunctional Family PBS airs the series An American Family, about the dysfunctional Loud family. Information Please: 1973
Ye_tiny 01/01/1973 Ruling on Roe v. Wade US Supreme Court rules on Roe v. Wade legalizing abortion in the first trimester Information Please: 1973
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1974 Famous Amos Wally "Famous" Amos begins baking cookies to sell commercially. Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 01/01/1974 President Ford Vice President Gerald R. Ford of Michigan is sworn in as 38th President of the US Information Please: 1974
Orange_tiny 01/01/1974 Nixon Pardoned Ford grants "full, free, and absolute pardon" to ex-President Nixon Information Please: 1974
Purple_tiny 01/01/1974 Ban on Genetic Engineering Research For safety reasons, the National Academy of Sciences calls for a temporary ban on some types of genetic engineering research. Information Please: 1974
Red_tiny 01/01/1975 Why Johnny Can't Write Newsweek's December 8 cover story, "Why Johnny Can't Write," heats up the debate about national literacy and the back-to-the-basics movement. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1975 Microsoft Formed Bill Gates and Paul Allen form Microsoft to develop software for personal computers. Timeline of American Business
Ye_tiny 01/01/1975 Family Hour on TV ABC, CBS and NBC agree to create a "family hour," an early evening time slot that is free of violence and sex. Information Please: 1975
Purple_tiny 01/01/1975 Home Computer Kit The Altair home computer kit allows consumers to build and program their own personal computers. Information Please: 1975
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1976 Apple Computer Company Formed Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak form the Apple Computer Company and sell their first personal computers. Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 01/01/1976 President Carter Jimmy Carter elected US President Information Please: 1976
Purple_tiny 01/01/1977 Apple II - First Successful Personal Computer Apple Computer, now Apple Inc., introduces the Apple II, one of the first successful personal computers. It and its offspring, the Apple IIe, become popular in schools as students begin to learn with computer games such as Oregon Trail and Odell Lake. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1977 Vietnam Draft Evaders Pardoned Carter pardons Vietnam war draft evaders Information Please: 1977
Ye_tiny 01/01/1978 Walkman Sony introduces the Walkman, the first portable stereo Information Please: 1978
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1979 Home Depot Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank open the first three Home Depot stores in Atlanta, Georgia. Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 01/01/1980 Reagan Ronald Reagan is elected president, ushering in a new conservative era, not only in foreign and economic policy, but in education as well. However, he never carries out his pledge to reduce the federal role in education by eliminating the Department of Education, which had become a Cabinet level agency that same year under the Carter administration.. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1980 CNN Ted Turner starts CNN, the first twenty-four-hour cable news station. Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 01/01/1980 President Reagan Ronald Reagan elected president in Republican sweep Information Please: 1980
Purple_tiny 01/01/1980 First Solar-Powered Flight Janice Brown, a 98-lb. former teacher, makes the first long-distance solar-powered flight in the Solar Challenger. Information Please: 1980
Red_tiny 01/01/1981 Teach Your Own John Holt's book, Teach Your Own: A Hopeful Path for Education, adds momentum to the homeschooling movement. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Purple_tiny 01/01/1981 IBM - First PC IBM introduces its version of the personal computer (PC) with its Model 5150. It's operating system is MS-DOS. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1981 Sandra Day O'Conner Reagan nominates Judge Sandra Day O'Connor, 51, of Arizona, as first woman on US Supreme Court Information Please: 1981
Ye_tiny 01/01/1981 MTV MTV goes on the air running around the clock music videos, debuting with "Video Killed the Radio Star." Information Please: 1981
Ye_tiny 01/01/1981 TV Cameras The Supreme Court rules to allow television cameras in the courtroom. Information Please: 1981
Ye_tiny 01/01/1981 Pacman Pacman-mania sweeps the country Information Please: 1981
Purple_tiny 01/01/1981 AIDS AIDS is first identified. Information Please: 1981
Purple_tiny 01/01/1981 Nutrasweet The FDA approves the use of the artificial sweetener aspartame (Nutrasweet). Information Please: 1981
Red_tiny 01/01/1982 Hunter - Mastery Teaching Madeline C. Hunter's book, Mastery Teaching, is published. Her direct instruction teaching model becomes widely used as teachers throughout the country attend her workshops and become "Hunterized." Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/1983 Nation at Risk The report of the National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk, calls for sweeping reforms in public education and teacher training. Among their recommendations is a forward-looking call for expanding high school requirements to include the study of computer science. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/1983 Local Abortion Restrictions Unconstitutional US Supreme Court declares many local abortion restrictions unconstitutional Information Please: 1983
Ye_tiny 01/01/1983 CDs Begin to Replace Records With the introduction of noise-free compact discs, the vinyl record begins a steep decline. Information Please: 1983 http://www.infoplease.com/year/1983.html#ixzz1dE39OOW9
Ye_tiny 01/01/1983 Crack "Crack" cocaine is developed in the Bahamas, and soon appears in the United States. Information Please: 1983
Purple_tiny 01/01/1983 Testing of Cell Phone Service The FCC authorizes Motorola to begin testing cellular phone service in Chicago. Information Please: 1983
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1984 Dell Computers Michael Dell officially forms Dell Computer Corporation; Dell becomes one of the first companies to make clones of IBM personal computers. Timeline of American Business
Ye_tiny 01/01/1985 Space Shuttle Challenger Christa McAuliffe is chosen by NASA from among more than 11,000 applicants to be the first teacher-astronaut, but her mission ends tragically as the Space Shuttle Challenger explodes 73 seconds after its launch, killing McAuliffe and the other six members of the crew. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Purple_tiny 01/01/1985 Microsoft Windows 1.0 Microsoft Windows 1.0, the first independent version of Windows, is released, setting the stage for subsequent versions that make MS-DOS obsolete. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1985 Quantum Computer Services Steve Case helps start Quantum Computer Services, which later becomes America Online (AOL). Timeline of American Business
Purple_tiny 01/01/1985 Desktop Publishing With the availability of relatively inexpensive laser printers and computers, tools for desktop publishing begin to be commonly used Information Please: 1985
Ye_tiny 01/01/1986 TV Becomes Prominent in Households The Television Bureau of Advertising announces that the average American household watches television for more than seven hours a day Information Please: 1986
Purple_tiny 01/01/1986 Encycopoedia on CD-ROM The Academic American Encyclopedia is available on CD-ROM. It is the first reference work published in this medium Information Please: 1986
Purple_tiny 01/01/1986 Nintendo Nintendo video games introduced in U.S Information Please: 1986
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1987 Microsoft Bookshelf Microsoft Bookshelf is Microsoft's first product on CD-ROM. Timeline of American Business
Red_tiny 01/01/1989 University of Phoenix - Online Campus The University of Phoenix establishes their "online campus," the first to offer online bachelor's and master's degrees. It becomes the "largest private university in North America." Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1989 Time Warner Time, Inc., and Warner Communications merge, forming Time Warner. Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 01/01/1989 President Bush George Herbert Walker Bush inaugurated as 41st US President Information Please: 1989
Purple_tiny 01/01/1989 Human Gene Transfer Human gene transfer developed by Steven Rosenberg, R. Michael Blaese, and W. French Anderson Information Please: 1989
Purple_tiny 01/01/1989 First World Wide Web Server First World Wide Web server and browser developed by Tim Berners-Lee Information Please: 1989
Purple_tiny 01/01/1990 First Web Client Server Protocol Tim Berners-Lee, a British engineer and computer scientist called by many the inventor of the internet, writes the first web client-server protocol (Hypertext Translation Protocol or http), which allows two computers to communicate. On August 6, 1991, he puts the first web site on line from a computer at the CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in order to facilitate information sharing among scientists Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Ye_tiny 01/01/1990 Norplant The FDA approves use of the surgically-implanted contraceptive Norplant. Information Please: 1990
Orange_tiny 01/01/1990 Clean Air Act President Bush signs the Clean Air Act, mandating a variety of pollution-reducing changes in the automobile and fuel industries Information Please: 1990
Purple_tiny 01/01/1990 Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope is launched Information Please: 1990
Purple_tiny 01/01/1991 Smart Board The smart board (interactive white board) is introduced by SMART Technologies. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Ye_tiny 01/01/1991 Condom Advertising on TV Fox Broadcasting is the first network to permit condom advertising on television. Information Please: 1991
Ye_tiny 01/01/1991 Grunge Movement Seattle band Nirvana releases the song "Smells Like Teen Spirit" on the LP Nevermind and enjoys national success. With Nirvana's hit comes the grunge movement, which is characterized by distorted guitars, dispirited vocals and lots of flannel. Information Please: 1991
Purple_tiny 01/01/1991 Gopher Gopher, the first user-friendly internet interface, is created at the University of Minnesota and named after the school mascot. Gopher becomes the most popular interface for several years. Information Please: 1991
Ye_tiny 01/01/1992 Right to Abortion US Supreme Court reaffirms right to abortion Information Please: 1992
Orange_tiny 01/01/1992 President Clinton Bill Clinton elected President, Al Gore Vice President; Democrats keep control of Congress Information Please: 1992
Purple_tiny 01/01/1992 World Wide Web A text-based Web browser is made available to the public; within a few years, millions of people become regular users of the World Wide Web Information Please: 1992
Red_tiny 01/01/1993 First Online Only University Jones International University becomes the first university "to exist completely online." Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/1993 Case for Constructivist Classrooms Jacqueline and Martin Brooks' In Search of Understanding: The Case for Constructivist Classrooms is published. It is one many books and articles describing constructivism, a view that learning best occurs through active construction of knowledge rather than its passive reception. Constructivist learning theory, with roots such as the work of Dewey, Bruner, Piaget, and Vygotsky, becomes extremely popular in the 1990s. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Purple_tiny 01/01/1993 Synthetic Growth Hormone - BST The FDA approves the use of the synthetic hormone BST (bovine somatotropin) to increase milk production in dairy cows Information Please: 1993
Purple_tiny 01/01/1993 First Humans Cloned First humans cloned. Cells taken from defective human embryos that were to be discarded in infertility clinic are grown in vitro and develop up to 32-cell stage and then are destroyed Information Please: 1993
Red_tiny 01/01/1994 Improving America's Schools Act The Improving America's Schools Act (IASA) is signed into law by President Bill Clinton on January 25th. It. reauthorizes the ESEA of 1965 and includes reforms for Title I; increased funding for bilingual and immigrant education; and provisions for public charter schools, drop-out prevention, and educational technology. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Purple_tiny 01/01/1994 First Commerical Web Browser Jim Clark and Mark Andreesan found Mosaic Communications. The corporation is later renamed Netscape Communications. On December 15th, they release the first commercial web browser, Mozilla 1.0. It is available without cost to individuals and non-profit organizations. By the summer of 1995, more than 80% of internet users are browsing with Netscape! Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/1994 CompuHigh - First Online High School CompuHigh is founded. It claims to be the first online high school Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/1994 Whiteboards in the Classroom Whiteboards find their way into U.S. classrooms in increasing numbers and begin to replace the blackboard. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1994 www.ge.com General Electric launches www.ge.com , becoming the first Fortune 500 company to go online. Timeline of American Business
Purple_tiny 01/01/1994 Popularity of Internet Increases White House launches Web page. Initial commerce sites are established and mass marketing campaigns are launched via email, introducing the term "spamming" to the Internet vocabulary. Information Please: 1994
Purple_tiny 01/01/1994 Calves Cloned Dr. Ned First (US) clones calves from cells of early embryos. Information Please: 1994
Purple_tiny 01/01/1994 First Genetically Engineered Food Product The FDA approves the Flavr Savr tomato, the first genetically-engineered food product Information Please: 1994
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1995 Amazon.com Jeff Bezos opens Amazon.com on the Internet, offering one million titles. Timeline of American Business
Purple_tiny 01/01/1995 First Cloned Sheep Drs. Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell (UK) create the world's first cloned sheep, Megan and Morag, from embryo cells. Information Please: 1995
Red_tiny 01/01/1996 Banks - Multicultural Education James Banks' book, Multicultural Education: Transformative Knowledge and Action, makes an important contribution to the growing body of scholarship regarding multiculturalism in education.. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Slide1_tiny 01/01/1996 MSNBC Microsoft and General Electric (owner of NBC) launch computer/television network MSNBC. Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 01/01/1996 Legislation Deregulates Telecommunications President Bill Clinton signs legislation that significantly deregulates telecommunications, creating almost limitless opportunities for broadcasters and cable companies. Information Please: 1996
Purple_tiny 01/01/1996 Standard Set for HDTV Broadcasters and television and PC manufacturers agree on a standard for HDTV (high-definition digital television). Information Please: 1996
Purple_tiny 01/01/1996 Internet and Computer Use Increase Approximately 30 million people are using the Internet in North America (United States and Canada) 43.2 million (44%) of US households own a personal computer, Information Please: 1996
Ye_tiny 01/01/1997 Rating System on TV The controversial television ratings system debuts on cable stations and broadcast networks. The ratings, TV-Y, TV-G, TV-Y7, TV-PG, TV-14 and TV-M, appear for 15 seconds in the upper left-hand corner of the screen at the beginning of each show, except news and sports programs, which are not rated Information Please: 1997
Ye_tiny 01/01/1997 First Openly Gay Woman on TV Ellen DeGeneres outs herself. She becomes the first openly gay woman to have her own sitcom. Information Please: 1997
Purple_tiny 01/01/1997 First Sheep with Human Gene A team led by Drs. Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell (UK) create the first sheep with a human gene in every cell of its body. The genetically engineered lamb is named Dolly Information Please: 1997
Purple_tiny 01/01/1998 Google set ups Workplace in a Garage Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin set up a workplace for their newly incorporated search engine in a Menlo Park, California garage. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Purple_tiny 01/01/1998 Viagra The FDA approves the male impotence drug Viagra Information Please: 1998
Ye_tiny 01/01/1999 Columbine On April 20th, two Columbine High School students go on a killing spree that leaves 15 dead and 23 wounded at the Littleton, Colorado school, making it the nations' deadliest school shooting incident. Though schools tighten safety procedures as a result of the Columbine massacre, school shootings continue to occur at an alarming rate. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Purple_tiny 01/01/1999 Continued Growth of Internet The number of Internet users worldwide reaches 150 million by the beginning of 1999. Over 50% are from the United States Information Please: 1999
Red_tiny 01/01/2000 Ravitch - Left Back Diane Ravitch's book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms , criticizes progressive educational policies and argues for a more traditional, academically-oriented education. Her views, which are reminiscent of the "back to the basics" movement of the late 1970s and 1980s, are representative of the current conservative trend in education and the nation at large Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/2001 NCLB The controversial No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is approved by Congress and signed into law by President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002. The law, which reauthorizes the ESEA of 1965 and replaces the Bilingual Education Act of 1968, mandates high-stakes student testing, holds schools accountable for student achievement levels, and provides penalties for schools that do not make adequate yearly progress toward meeting the goals of NCLB.
Slide1_tiny 01/01/2001 AOL Time Warner America Online purchases Time Warner, forming AOL Time Warner. Timeline of American Business
Orange_tiny 01/01/2001 President Bush George W. Bush is sworn in as 43rd president Information Please: 2001
Purple_tiny 01/01/2001 Defects in Cloning Cloning animals results in defects. Scientists report mounting evidence of random genetic errors that threaten similar efforts to duplicate humans Information Please: 2001
Purple_tiny 01/01/2001 Global Warming Report by National Academy of Sciences announces that global warming is on the rise. Leading scientists reaffirm mainstream view that human activity is largely responsible Information Please: 2001
Orange_tiny 01/01/2001 President Approves Funds for Embryo Research In address to the nation, President Bush approves the use of federal funds for studies on human embryos, but says that research with such funds must be limited to cells that have already been extracted. He declares government will not finance destruction of new embryos Information Please: 2001
Orange_tiny 01/01/2001 Invasion of Afghanistan United States and Coalition Forces vs. the Taliban regime in Afghanistan to fight terrorism. American History Timeline
Purple_tiny 01/01/2001 Invention of iPod The iPod originated with a business idea dreamed up by Tony Fadell, an independent inventor. Fadell's idea was to take an MP3 player, build a Napster music sale service to complement it, and build a company around it. Apple hired Fadell in early 2001 and assigned him a team of about 30 people, including designers, programmers and hardware engineers IdeaFinder
Ye_tiny 09/11/2001 9/11 Nineteen al-Qaeda terrorists hijack four commercial jet airliners on the morning of September 11. They crash two into the twin towers of the World Trade Center and another into the Pentagon. The fourth plane crashes in a rural area of Pennsylvania as passengers try to retake it from the hijackers. A total of 2976 victims as well as the 19 terrorists are killedEdmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Slide1_tiny 01/01/2002 Hewlett-Packard Becomes 2nd Largest Computer Manufacturer The purchase of Compaq Computer Corporation makes Hewlett-Packard the second-largest computer manufacturer in the world. Timeline of American Business
Red_tiny 01/01/2003 North American Council for Online Learning The North American Council for Online Learning (NACOL), a non-profit organization dedicated to enhancing K-12 online education, is "launched as a formal corporate entity." Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/2003 Invasion of Iraq United States and Coalition Forces vs. Iraq American History Timeline
Ye_tiny 01/01/2003 iTunes Music Store - Easy Access to Music The Recording Industry Association of America cracked down on people who illegally swapped more than 1,000 songs over the Internet, filing lawsuits against hundreds of people, including a 12-year-old girl. Apple Computer, however, made downloading both affordable and easy with its iTune Music Store. It allows fans to download tunes for 99 cents each. Information Please: 2003
Purple_tiny 01/01/2004 iPod Evolving By 2004, iPod is in its 4th Generation along with new 1st Generation of mini iPod and iPod Photo iPod History
Ye_tiny 01/01/2004 Downloading Music Continues The number of songs and albums downloaded from the Internet continues at break-neck speed. Apple's iTunes sells its 200,000,000th song. According to Nielsen SoundScan, music fans bought 5.5 million digital albums and 140 million digital songs. Information Please: 2004
Purple_tiny 01/01/2006 Pluto No Longer a Planet The International Astronomical Union votes to redefine the solar system, and Pluto loses its status as a planet. It is reclassified as a dwarf planet Information Please: 2006
Purple_tiny 01/01/2007 iPhone The first ever iPhone was unveiled by Steve Jobs at the Macworld Conference and Expo in San Francisco in January 2007. Based on the iPod, it was effectively an entire computer that happened to make phone calls. Telegraph
Purple_tiny 01/01/2007 iPod Touch The iPod touch has the iPhone's multi-touch interface, with a physical home button off the touch screen. The home screen has a list of buttons for the available applications which include Music, Videos, Photos, iTunes, Safari, YouTube, Mail, Maps and Widgets. Software upgrades sold by Apple expand the iPod touch's functionality by adding more features. iPod History
Orange_tiny 01/01/2008 Obama Barack Obama defeats John McCain and is elected the 44th President of the United States. Substantial changes in the No Child Left Behind Act are eventually expected, but with two ongoing wars as well as the current preoccupation with our nation's economic problems, reauthorization of NCLB is unlikely to happen any time soon. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/2008 Obama Elected President Democratic senator Barack Obama wins the presidential election against Sen. John McCain, taking 338 electoral votes to McCain's 161. Obama becomes the first African American to be elected president of the United States. Also in the election, Democrats increase their majority in the House and pick up five seats in the Senate. Information Please: 2008
Ye_tiny 01/01/2008 Gay Marriage in California Voters in California narrowly pass a ballot measure, Proposition 8, that overturns the May 15, 2008, California Supreme Court decision that said same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry Information Please: 2008
Red_tiny 01/01/2009 Quest to Learn Quest to Learn (Q2L), the first school to teach primarily through game-based learning, opens in September in New York City with a class of sixth graders There are plans to add a grade each year until the school serves students in grades xix through twelve. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/2009 Common Core State Standards Initiative The Common Core State Standards Initiative, "a state-led effort coordinated by the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices (NGA Center) and the Council of Chief State School Officers," is launched. It is expected that many, perhaps most, states will adopt them. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Red_tiny 01/01/2009 American Reinvestment and Recovery Act The American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009 provides more than 90-billion dollars for education, nearly half of which goes to local school districts to prevent layoffs and for school modernization and repair. It includes the Race to the Top initiative, a 4.35-billion-dollar program designed to induce reform in K-12 education. Edmund J. Sass, Ed.D.
Orange_tiny 01/01/2009 Texting While Driving President Obama signs an executive order banning federal workers from texting while driving Information Please: 2009
Purple_tiny 01/01/2010 iPad Released The iPad was introduced to the U.S. market in April 2010. In just over four months, the iPad reached 51 billion in sales- the fastest ever for a consumer device. The ipad 2 continues the tradition by posting strong sales after its introduction in March 2011 infographic
Timespan Dates: Timespan Title: Timespan Description:
01/01/1650
to 12/31/1750		 First Wave Agricultural Age
01/01/1750
to 01/01/1955		 Second Wave Industrial Age
01/01/1955
to 12/31/1996		 Third Wave Information Age
01/01/1992
to 12/31/2015		 Fourth Wave Communication Age
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