The History of Genetics

Timeline created by jconstantino in Science and Technology

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Event Date:	Event Title:	Event Description:
01/01/1665	Robert Hooke discovers cells	Robert Hooke (1635-1703) looks at cork under a microscope and discovers cells. He calls them cells, because they remind him of the cells in a monestery. Robert Hooke
01/01/1838	Matthias Schleiden states all plants are made of cells.	Matthias Schleiden publishes his cell theory that states that all plants are made of cells. Mathias Schleiden
01/07/1839	Theodor Schwann states all animals are made of cells	Theodor Schwann publishes is cell theory that states that all animals are made of cells.
01/01/1857	Gregor Mendel starts his studies of pea plants	Gregor Johann Mendel, who was an Austrian monk, began experiments with pea plants. Mendel Web
01/01/1859	Charles Darwin puslishes Origin of Species	Charles Darwin, who was an English biologist published his work “Origin of Species,” which explained units of heredity and variations in species. Charles Darwin Online
01/09/1866	Gregor Mendel publishes his theories on heredity	Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who was also a scientist. He stujdies the inheritance of traits in pea plants. He published a paper on his theories of inheritance in 1866. He presented his theories of inheritance and would become known as the father of genetics.
01/01/1869	Sir Francis Galton publishes book Hereditary Genius	Sir Francis Galton published his book, Hereditary Genius, stating that heredity alone is responsible for a person’s character traits. Sir Francis Galton
02/09/1869	Friedrich Miescher discovers "nuclein" which would later be called DNA	"Nuclein" is discovered by Friedrich Miescher as an acidic substance found in the nucleus of white blood cells. It would later be called DNA. DNA would not really be understood for another 70 years Freidrich Miescher
01/01/1882	Walther Fleming discovers chromosomes	Walther FlemmingWalther Fleming, a German Biologist discovers how to use dyes to stain cells and discoveres rods he called chromosomes.
01/01/1900	Correns, de Vries & Tschermak rediscover and verify Mendles principals	Correns, de Vries & Von TschermakCarl Correns, Hugo de Vries, and Erich von Tschermak rediscover the work of Mendel and verify his finding on the principals of heredity.
01/01/1905	Stevens & Wilson independently discover X & Y chromosomes	Nettie Stevens and Edmund Wilson independently discover the chromosomal basis for the determination of the sex of an organism. Stevens and WilsonNettie Stevens and Edmund Wilson independently discover the chromosomal basis for the determination of the sex of an organism.
01/23/1931	Creighton & McClintock discover chromosomal crossing over	Harriett B Creighton and Barbara McClintock discover the chromosomal crossing over.
01/23/1944	Avery,MacLeod, & McCarty discover DNA makes up genes and chromosomes	Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty discover that genes and chromosomes are made from DNA. Avery, MacLeod & McCarty
01/01/1950	Chargaff discovers relationship between adenine & thymine and guanine & cytosine	Erwin ChargaffErvin Chargaff discovers that there is a one to one relationship between adenine and thymine and guanine and cytosine in organisms
05/23/1951	Franklin takes x-ray photographs of DNA	Rosalind Franklin is able to take x-ray photographs of DNA. Rosalind Franklin
01/01/1952	Chase & Hershey prove that DNA is the molecule of heredity	Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey are able to prove that DNA is the molecule of heredity.
01/01/1953	Crick & Watson discover the structure of DNA	Francis Crick and James Watson discover the three dimentional double helix structure of DNA;.
01/01/1966	Nirenberg, Holley and Khorana crack the genetic code and identify protein synthesis from mRNA	Marshall Nirenberg, Robert Holley and H. Gobind Khorana crack the genetic code and discovering the synthesis of proteins from mRNA
01/01/1972	Berg & Boyer make first recombinant DNA molecules	Paul Berg and Herb Boyer are able to create the first recombinant DNA molecules
04/07/1976	Genentech is founded to use recombinant DNA to make drugs	Genentech, the first genetic engineering company, is founded and uses recombinant DNA to produce drugs. Genentech History
01/01/1988	The Human Genome Project begins to try to determine the entire DNA sequence in human beings	The Human Genome ProjectThe Human Genome Project is started to determine the entire sequence of DNA in human beings
05/23/1989	Jefferys coins term DNA fingerprinting	Alec Jefferys used the term DNA fingerprinting and is the first to use DNA in legal cases Alec Jeffreys
01/01/1993	First genetically engineered tomatoes	The first genetically engineered tomatoes are produced under the name Flavr Savr
07/05/1996	Dolly the sheep is cloned	Dolly the sheep was the first cloned mammal in 1996. Dolly the sheep