24. Native Americans, relations with English colonies, 17th-18th centuries

Timeline created by giulia.diguglielmo in History

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Event Date:	Event Title:	Event Description:
05/24/1607	Jamestown is founded by the London Company	May 24, Captain Christopher Newport and 105 followers founded the colony of Jamestown on the mouth of the James River in Virginia. They had left England with 144 members, 39 died on the way over. The colony was near the large Indian village of Werowocomoco, home of Pocahontas, the daughter Powhatan, an Algonquin chief.
05/26/1607	A revolt between the Native Americans and the settlers	Some 200 Native American warriors stormed the unfinished stockade at Jamestown, Virginia. Two settlers were killed and ten seriously wounded before they were repulsed by cannon fire from the colonists’ three moored ships.
06/15/1607	Hostilities ended with the Native Americans	Colonists in North America completed James Fort in Jamestown. Hostilities with the Native Americans ended as ambassadors said their emperor, Powhatan, had commanded local chiefs to live in peace with the English.
08/01/1607	Pocahontas saves Smith from having his head smashed at Powhatanís direction	While exploring, John Smith falls into the hands of Chief Powhatan, the Powhattan tribe's chief. The Powhattan princess, Pocahontas, at around age 10 or 11, saves Captain John Smith from death by her tribe by throwing herself in front of him. Later on, John Smith wrote that Pocahontas saved the colony of Jamestown.
01/01/1613	Pocahontas captured by settlers	The colonists at Jamestown kidnapped Pocahontas and held for ransom to force her father to free some English hostages and to return some stolen tools.
04/15/1614	The Marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas	Pocahontas married English Jamestown colonist John Rolfe in Virginia. Having converted to Christianity, she went by the name Lady Rebecca. Their marriage brought a temporary peace between the English settlers and the Algonquians.
10/01/1621	The first American Thanksgiving	The first American Thanksgiving was held in MA's Plymouth colony in 1621 to give thanks for a bountiful harvest. 51 Pilgrims served codfish, sea bass and turkeys while their 90 Wampanoag guests contributed venison to the feast. Plymouth Colony Governor William Bradford issued a thanksgiving proclamation. During the three-day October thanksgiving the Pilgrims feasted on wild turkey and venison with their Native American guests. American Indians introduced cranberries to the white settlers.
03/22/1622	Massacre in Jamestown resulting in a 22 year war	The Powhattan Confederacy massacred 350 colonists in Virginia. On Good Friday more than 300 colonists in and around Jamestown, VA, were massacred by the Powhattans. The massacre was led by the Powhattan chief Opechancanough and began a costly 22-year war against the English. Opechancanough hoped that killing one forth of Virginia’s colonists would put an end to the European threat. The opposite result occured; English survivors regrouped and pushed the Powhattans far into the interior.
07/12/1630	The future Ellis Island is purchased from Native Americans	New Amsterdam's governor bought Gull Island from Indians for cargo and renamed it Oyster Island. It later became Ellis Island.
01/01/1646	A Peace Treaty is Created in Virginia	A treaty with Virginia Indians required the state to protect the Mattaponi from "enemies," but only on the reservation in King William County. The peace treaty unraveled the powerful confederation of local Indian tribes and large amounts of land were ceded to English settlers. (it only gave a year...no exact month or date)
10/28/1646	First Protestant Church Assembly for Native Americans	The 1st Protestant church assembly for Native Americans took place in Massachusetts.
06/20/1675	The Onset of King Phillip's War	King Philip’s War began when Indians--retaliating for the execution of three of their people who had been charged with murder by the English--massacred colonists at Swansea, Plymouth colony. Abenaki, Massachusetts, Mohegan & Wampanoag Indians formed an anti English front. Wampanoag warriors attacked livestock and looted farms.
09/09/1675	The official declaration of war on the Wampanoag	Colonial authorities officially declared war on the Wampanoag Indians. The war soon spread to include the Abenaki, Norwottock, Pocumtuck and Agawam warriors.
02/10/1676	Native Americans Attack Lancaster	In the midst of King Philip’s War, Narragansett and Nipmuck Native Americans raided Lancaster, Massachusettes. Over 35 villagers were killed and 24 were taken captive.
04/18/1676	Sudbury was attacked by Native Americans.	Sudbury, Massachusetts, was attacked by INative Americans.
08/28/1676	Metacom killed by English soldiers	Native American chief King Philip, also known as Metacom, was killed by English soldiers, ending the war between Indians and colonists.
06/23/1683	Friendship treaty with the Lenni Lenape Native Americans.	William Penn signed a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Native Americans in Pennsylvania. It became the only treaty "not sworn to, nor broken."
01/01/1704	English forces attack Apalachees in Florida.	English forces attacked Apalachee Indians in Florida driving them into slavery and exile. Some 800 Apalachee fled west to French-held Mobile. (no exact month or date; just a year)
09/22/1711	Tuscarora Indian War Begins	The Tuscarora Indian War began with a massacre of settlers in North Carolina, following white encroachment that included the enslaving of Indian children.
02/20/1725	First recorded scalping of Native Americans is committed in New Hampshire.	New Hampshire militiamen partook in the first recorded scalping of Native Americans by whites in North America. 10 sleeping Indians were scalped by whites for scalp bounty.
07/03/1754	The Start of the French and Indian War	George Washington surrendered the small, circular Fort Necessity (later Pittsburgh) in southwestern Pennsylvania to the French, leaving them in control of the Ohio Valley. This marked the beginning of the French and Indian War, also called the 7 Years' War.
12/31/1755	Teedyuscung's rebellion along the Delaware River	Teedyuscung, a Lenape Indian, led 30 Lenape Indians on a raid against English plantations along the Delaware River. Over the next few days his band killed 7 men and took 5 prisoners.
08/29/1758	The first Native American Reservataion is Created	New Jersey Legislature formed the 1st Native American reservation.
01/01/1763	The First Use of Biological Weapons	British forces, under orders from Sir Jeffrey Amherst, distributed smallpox-infected blankets among American Indians in the 1st known case of its use as a biological weapon. (No month or day specified; only year)
01/01/1763	Pontiac's Rebellion	The Native Americans were angered by the growing westward movement of European settlers and by the British refusal to offer gifts as the French had done. Chief Pontiac led a major attack against colonial settlements on the western frontier in response to this. (no exact date specified)
10/07/1763	Native Americans guareenteed rights to land and self-government	George III of Great Britain issued a royal proclamation reserving for the crown the right to acquire land from western tribes. This closed lands in North America north and west of Alleghenies to white settlement and ended the acquisition efforts of colonial land syndicates. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 guaranteed Indian rights to land and self-government.
11/05/1768	Johnson signs a treaty with Iroquois about land settlement	William Johnson, the northern Indian Commissioner, signed a treaty with the Iroquois Indians to acquire much of the land between the Tennessee and Ohio rivers for future settlement
11/15/1777	Articles of Confederation approved by the Continental Congress	The Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation, precursor to the U.S. Constitution. The structure of the Constitution was inspired by the Iroquois Confederacy of six major northeastern tribes. The matrilineal society of the Iroquois later inspired the suffragist movement.
09/17/1778	First Treaty Between the US and Native American Tribes is signed	Sep 17, The 1st treaty between the US and Indian tribes was signed at Fort Pitt.
01/01/1790	US Trade and Intercourse Act Passed	The US Trade and Intercourse Act prohibited states from acquiring land from Indians without federal approval. (no month or day specified; just a year)
11/04/1791	Chief Little Turtle leads most powerful force of Native Amerians who defeated Americans	Gen Arthur St. Clair, governor of Northwest Territory, was badly defeated by a large Indian army near Fort Wayne. Miami Indian Chief Little Turtle led the powerful force of Miami, Wyandot, Iroquois, Shawnee, Delaware, Ojibwa and Potawatomi that inflicted the greatest defeat ever suffered by the U.S. Army at the hands of Native Americans. Some 623 regulars led by General Arthur St. Clair were killed and 258 wounded on the banks of the Wabash River near present day Fort Wayne, IN.
08/20/1794	Native American resistance is ended in the NorthwestTerritory	American General "Mad Anthony" Wayne defeated the Ohio Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in the Northwest territory, ending Native American resistance in the area.
11/11/1794	Treaty of Canandaigua signed	The Treaty of Canandaigua was signed at Canandaigua, New York, by fifty sachems and war chiefs representing the Grand Council of the Six Nations of the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) Confederacy (including the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca and Tuscarora tribes), and by Timothy Pickering, official agent of President George Washington. The Canandaigua Treaty, a Treaty Between the United States of America and the Tribes of Indians Called the Six Nations, was signed.
Timespan Dates:	Timespan Title:	Timespan Description:
01/01/1616 to 01/01/1619	Epidemic invades the Wampanoag confederacy in MA	An epidemic, possibly viral hepatitis from contact with Europeans, ravaged the Wampanoag confederacy in Massachusetts. This helped to make possible the Pilgrim settlement in 1620.
01/01/1643 to 01/01/1644	The New England Confederation	(No exact dates specifiied) In the 1840s, the various New England colonies were constantly faced with the threat of the attack from Native Americans. Therefore in 1643, 4 New England colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven) formed a militray alliance known as the New England Confederation, which lasted until 1684.
01/01/1682 to 01/01/1693	William Penn's "Holy Experiment"	William Penn wanted to test ideas he had developed based on his Quaker beliefs. One of the ideas was unusal for the time: Penn wanted the Native Americans to be treated fairly and to not cheat them when purchasing their land (no specific dates specified)
01/01/1795 to 01/15/1840	New York and enters several treaties and agreements with the Oneida Native Americans	New York state and local governments entered into 26 treaties and several purchase agreements with the Oneida Native Americans to acquire all but 32 of 270,000 acres. Almost none of the transactions were approved by Congress as required by a 1790 law. (no months or days were given; just years)